Table II.

Association between hepatoblastoma and congenital anomalies

Variable of Interest	Controls (%) N=387	Cases (%) N=367	OR (CI)	Fisher’s p-value
Cleft lip or palate	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	1.05 (0.07, 16.9)	1.00
Spina bifida or other spinal defect	2 (0.5)	4 (1.1)	2.12 (0.39, 11.7)	0.44
Large/multiple birthmarks	30 (7.8)	37 (10.1)	1.33 (0.81, 2.21)	0.31
Trisomy 18	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	-	0.49
Other genetic conditions	1 (0.3)	2 (0.5)	2.11 (0.19, 23.4)	0.61
Down syndrome	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	-	1.00
Rib abnormalities	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	-	0.49
Small head/microcephaly	0 (0.0)	3 (0.8)	-	0.11
Kidney, bladder, sex organ abnormality	6 (1.6)	18 (4.9)	4.75 (1.74, 13.0)	0.01
Hypospadias*	2 (0.5)	4 (1.1)	2.1 (0.38, 11.4)	0.44
Any kidney/bladder*	3 (0.8)	12 (3.3)	4.3 (1.2, 15.3)	0.02
Sex organ*	5 (1.3)	6 (1.6)	1.24 (0.37, 4.1)	0.77

^*Controlled for sex (Ref=Male)