Table III.
Association between hepatoblastoma and congenital anomalies in Utah Population Database
| Variable of Interest | Controls (%) N=290 |
Cases (%) N=29 |
OR (CI)* | Fisher’s p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cleft lip or palate | 0 (0.0)% | 0 (0.0)% | -- | -- |
| Spina bifida | 0 (0.0)% | 0 (0.0)% | -- | -- |
| Large/multiple birthmarks | 1 (0.3)% | 0 (0.0)% | – | 1.0 |
| Trisomy 18 | 0 (0.0)% | 0 (0.0)% | -- | -- |
| Other genetic conditions | 0 (0.0)% | 0 (0.0)% | -- | -- |
| Down syndrome | 1 (0.3)% | 0 (0.0)% | -- | 1.0 |
| Rib abnormalities | 1 (0.3)% | 1 (3.4)% | 4.3 (0.23, 80.0) | 0.17 |
| Small head/microcephaly | 0 (0.0)% | 0 (0.0)% | -- | -- |
| Kidney, bladder, sex organ abnormalities | 2 (0.7)% | 3 (10.3)% | 12.0 (1.61, 89.6) | 0.006 |
| Hypospadias | 1 (0.3)% | 0 (0.0)% | <0.001 (n/a) | 1.0 |
| Any kidney/bladder | 0 (0.0)% | 2 (6.9)% | >99 (n/a) | 0.008 |
| Sex organ anomalies | 1 (0.3)% | 1 (3.4)% | 25.7 (1.63, >99) | 0.02 |
| Heart or pulmonary anomalies | 2 (0.7)% | 2 (6.9)% | 7.4 (0.87, 62.7) | 0.04 |
*
Controls were matched 10:1 to cases on sex and birth year; model covariates include birth weight, maternal age, and maternal education.