Table 2.
Baseline characteristics by 60-day mortality before hospital discharge
| Characteristic | Alive at day 60 (N=297) | Dead at day 60a (N=84) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr), mean ± SD | 50 ± 16 | 61 ± 15 | <0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 162 (55) | 51 (61) | 0.32 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.37 | ||
| White | 221 (74) | 69 (82) | |
| African American | 51 (17) | 12 (14) | |
| Asian | 8 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 17 (6) | 3 (4) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 31 (10) | 9 (11) | 0.94 |
| Primary etiology of lung injury, n (%) | 0.16 | ||
| Trauma | 20 (7) | 6 (7) | |
| Sepsis | 68 (23) | 23 (27) | |
| Multiple transfusion | 5 (2) | 3 (4) | |
| Aspiration | 56 (19) | 11 (13) | |
| Pneumonia | 127 (43) | 40 (48) | |
| Other | 21 (7) | 1 (1) | |
| Smoking history by surrogate or chart report, n (%) | 0.006 | ||
| Non-smoker | 122 (41) | 30 (36) | |
| Former-smoker | 53 (18) | 21 (25) | |
| Active smoker | 97 (33) | 17 (20) | |
| Unknown history | 25 (8) | 16 (19) | |
| Pack-year, median [IQR] | 2 [0, 30] | 5 [0, 33] | 0.64 |
| Alcohol useb, n (%) | 0.12 | ||
| Abstinence | 134 (45) | 39 (46) | |
| Low-risk | 75 (25) | 16 (19) | |
| Mild to moderate alcohol misuse | 19 (6) | 2 (2) | |
| Severe alcohol misuse | 35 (12) | 18 (21) | |
| Unknown history | 34 (11) | 18 (21) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Immune suppressionc | 19 (6) | 12 (14) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 76 (26) | 27 (32) | 0.23 |
| Hypertension | 115 (39) | 40 (48) | 0.15 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 15 (5) | 9 (11) | 0.06 |
| Congestive heart failure | 13 (4) | 8 (10) | 0.07 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 23 (8) | 6 (7) | 0.85 |
| Prior stroke with sequelae | 12 (4) | 1 (1) | 0.20 |
| Dementia | 8 (3) | 5 (6) | 0.15 |
| AIDS | 3 (1) | 4 (5) | 0.05 |
| Hepatic failure | 1 (0) | 1 (1) | 0.34 |
| Malignancy | 0 (0) | 4 (5) | 0.002 |
| APACHE III score, mean ± SD | 87 ± 27 | 108 ± 28 | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor use at enrollment, n (%) | 135 (45) | 55 (65) | 0.001 |
| Septic shock at enrollment, n (%) | 103 (35) | 47 (56) | <0.001 |
| Severity of lung injury at enrollment | |||
| Lung Injury Score, mean ± SD | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 0.70 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 124 ± 66 | 125 ± 64 | 0.92 |
| PEEP (cm H2O), mean ± SD | 9 ± 4 | 9 ± 4 | 0.64 |
| Compliance (mL / cm H2O), mean ± SD | 34 ± 16 | 33 ±15 | 0.53 |
| CXR quadrants with opacities, median [IQR] | 4 [3, 4] | 4 [3, 4] | 0.64 |
a
Sixty-day mortality is defined as death prior to discharge from a health care facility to home within 60 days from study entry
b
As defined by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores (Online Supplement, Table S1)
c
Does not include AIDS