Table 1.

Participant characteristics and HPV vaccination uptake (N=86)

Variable	All respondents n (%)	Initiated vaccination %	p-value
Mothers’ demographic characteristics
Age
<45	37 (44)	32	0.64
≥45	48 (56)	27
Years of formal education
<12	50 (58)	22	0.10
≥12	36 (42)	39
Currently married
Yes	53 (62)	30	0.99
No	32 (38)	28
Birthplace
Cambodia *	82 (96)	27	0.19
US	3 (4)	67
Age at immigration
<20 **	34 (40)	41	0.09
≥20	51 (60)	22
Limited English proficiency
Yes ***	44 (51)	20	0.10
No	42 (49)	38
Daughters’ demographic characteristics
Age
9–12	19 (22)	16	0.25
13–17	67 (78)	33
Birthplace
Cambodia	9 (10)	22	0.99
US	77 (90)	30
Health care factors
Health insurance coverage
Yes	81 (95)	30	0.99
No	4 (5)	25
Regular source of health care
Yes	82 (95)	30	0.32
No	4 (5)	0
Preventive behavior
Mother had Pap test in previous 3 years
Yes	69 (80)	36	0.002
No	17 (20)	0
Daughter had routine physical in previous 12 months
Yes	64 (74)	34	0.10
No	22 (26)	14
Knowledge and beliefs
HPV vaccine should be given before a girl starts having sex
Yes	64 (74)	31	0.59
No	22 (26)	23
HPV vaccine is effective
Yes	71 (83)	31	0.54
No	15 (17)	20
HPV vaccine is safe
Yes	69 (81)	30	0.77
No	16 (19)	25
HPV vaccine has side effects
Yes	40 (47)	30	0.99
No	46 (53)	28
HPV vaccine could cause problems getting pregnant later in life
Yes	32 (37)	19	0.14
No	54 (63)	35
Sources of information
Doctor, nurse or other health professional
Yes	27 (31)	56	<0.001
No	59 (69)	17
Family member or friend
Yes	18 (21)	33	0.77
No	68 (79)	28
Khmer newspaper or magazine
Yes	9 (10)	33	0.72
No	77 (90)	29
English newspaper or magazine
Yes	19 (22)	53	0.02
No	67 (78)	22
Khmer website
Yes	8 (9)	50	0.22
No	78 (91)	27
English website
Yes	15 (17)	60	0.009
No	71 (83)	23
Television program or commercial
Yes	22 (26)	45	0.06
No	64 (74)	23

^*Includes 2 mothers who were born in Thailand and 1 mother who was born in Vietnam

^**Includes 3 mothers who were born in the US

^***Spoke English poorly or not at all