Table 1.
Content of total flavonoid, phenolic, and alkaloid and antioxidant capacity of ethanol extracts and its five fractions from Z. bungeanum leaves.
| Samples | Content | Antioxidant capacity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TFC (mmol QE/100 g) |
TPC (mmol GAE/100 g) |
TAC (mmol CE/100 g) |
DPPHIC50 (μg/mL) | FRAP (μmol Trolox/g) |
ABTS (μmol Trolox/g) |
|
| ECE | 60.96 ± 8.87a | 58.78 ± 9.37b | 0.47 ± 0.28c | 40.75 ± 0.21c | 317.11 ± 9.71b | 1122.91 ± 34.62c |
| PEF | 4.01 ± 3.42d | 4.43 ± 2.17c | 1.71 ± 0.07b | 377.95 ± 39.39f | 81.56 ± 7.41e | 264.20 ± 37.27f |
| CF | 2.29 ± 2.03d | 7.07 ± 2.36c | 4.39 ± 0.05a | 169.15 ± 4.60e | 170.44 ± 10.45d | 563.86 ± 22.66e |
| EAF | 67.93 ± 9.29a | 97.29 ± 17.53a | 0.25 ± 0.02c | 13.20 ± 0.85b | 615.88 ± 1.86b | 2147.83 ± 23.08b |
| AF | 47.62 ± 6.34bc | 62.87 ± 10.80b | 0.06 ± 0.01c | 18.55 ± 0.35b | 594.15 ± 8.89b | 2044.58 ± 19.99b |
| MF | 31.63 ± 5.30c | 8.35 ± 0.30c | 0.10 ± 0c | 85.85 ± 2.19d | 191.93 ± 2.22d | 747.69 ± 38.77d |
| Quercetin | — | — | — | 2.60 ± 0.10a | 1865.80 ± 33.40a | 20113.58 ± 23.20a |
| Rutin | — | — | — | 10.42 ± 0.14ab | 1722.59 ± 6.42a | 20153.46 ± 46.05a |
TFC expressed as mmol quercetin equivalent per 100 g. TPC expressed as mmol gallic acid equivalent per 100 g. TAC expressed as mmol chelerythrine equivalent per 100 g. DPPHIC50 values were the effective concentrations at which DPPH radicals were scavenged by 50%. FRAP and ABTS results expressed as micromoles of trolox equivalent per g. Values are the mean of three replicates ± SD. Means with different letters within a column were significantly different (P < 0.05).