. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014 May 13;47:78–87. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.004

Table 2.

Difference in visceral fat (cm²) (95% confidence interval) between those with and without elevated depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥16 and/or antidepressant use), all participants and stratified by sex^a (N = 1017).

Model	All (N = 1017)^b,^c	Sex
Model	All (N = 1017)^b,^c	Women (n = 511)^b	Men (n = 506)^b
M1: BMI, age	−48.3 (−112.1, 15.4)	−2.5 (−70.2, 65.1)	122.5 (34.3, 210.7)^*
M1: BMI, age	Adj. R² = 0.35	Adj. R² = 0.55
M2: M1 + demographics^d	6.8 (−46.0, 59.6)	−46.0 (−112.0, 19.9)	96.9 (11.1, 182.6)^*
M2: M1 + demographics^d	Adj. R² = 0.59	Adj. R² = 0.59
M3: M2 + inflammatory markers^d+ health behaviors^d+ co-morbidities^d	−13.1 (−83.7, 57.4)	−51.3 (−116.4, 13.8)	94.7 (10.5, 178.9)^*
	Adj. R² = 0.60	Adj. R² = 0.60

Interaction p-value: sex = 0.007 (fully adjusted); models were assessed using linear regression.

All participants: mean visceral adipose tissue = 976.1 cm² (range = 97.0–3169.2 cm²); women: mean = 780.8 cm² (range = 746.0–815.6 cm²); men: mean = 1173.3 cm² (1128.7–1.217.9 cm²).

Adjusted for gender.

Demographics = race/ethnicity, marital status, income, education, study site; Inflammatory Markers = Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein; Health Behaviors = pack-years of smoking, number of alcohol drinks consumed per week, total intentional exercise; Co-morbidities = cancer, hypertension, diabetes.

Significant main effects p-value < 0.05.