Table 3.
Main effect of PM2.5 | 24-hr† | Day‡ | Night‡ | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||
SDNN | Power¶ | HR | Power¶ | SDNN | Power¶ | HR | Power¶ | SDNN | Power¶ | HR | Power¶ | |
PM2.5 (μg/m3)§ | 0.07 (−0.15 to 0.29) | 0.9066 | −0.13 (−0.20 to −0.06) | 0.9999 | −0.18 (−0.43 to 0.06) | 0.9997 | 0.16 (0.08 to 0.24) | 0.9671 | −8.42 (−11.36 to −5.49) | 0.9999 | 1.88 (1.12 to 2.65) | 0.9982 |
PM2.5 (tertile, μg/m3) | ||||||||||||
Low (<5.97) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Medium (5.97–14.5) | −3.78 (−7.00 to −0.44) | 0.9999 | 1.83 (0.92 to 2.74) | 0.9778 | −6.00 (−9.08 to −2.87) | 0.9999 | 1.85 (0.72 to 3.00) | 0.8944 | −9.96 (−16.39 to −3.04) | 0.9999 | 3.69 (1.89 to 5.52) | 0.9817 |
High (>14.5) | −5.92 (−8.55 to −3.22) | 0.9999 | 1.50 (0.41 to 2.59) | 0.7734 | −7.53 (−10.97 to −3.96) | 0.9999 | 2.49 (1.18 to 3.82) | 0.9634 | −34.10 (−41.30 to −26.02) | 0.9999 | 8.98 (5.99 to 12.06) | 0.9999 |
P for trend | 0.0129 | 0.7019 | 0.0034 | 0.9999 | <0.0001 | 0.9838 | 0.0002 | 0.9999 | <0.0001 | 0.9999 | <0.0001 | 0.9999 |
Adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, use of statin, NSAIDs, hypertensive medication (beta blocker, calcium channel blocker or ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers), aspirin, and time of day.
Adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, use of statin, NSAIDs, hypertensive medication (beta blocker, calcium channel blocker or ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers), and aspirin.
Per IQR (13.6 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5.
, where β and SE are the estimated regression coefficient and its standard error from mixed analysis [25].