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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Biotechnol. 2014 Jun 5;0:15–18. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.05.029

Figure 3. Human myotubes fatigue in response to continuous electrical stimulation in vitro.

Figure 3

Representative recording of force produced by cultured human myotubes, calculated from real time measurements of cantilever deflection using our laser and photo-detector system. Recordings from a single cantilever at different experimental time-points are overlaid to illustrate the effect of chronic broad-field electrical stimulation on force production over time. Stimulation was started at time = 0 seconds and continued at a frequency of 1 Hz throughout the time course of the study. For both time-points, raw data (in Volts) was converted to a measurement of myotube force (in nano-Newtons), using a modified Stoney’s equation, and re-plotted.