Table 2.
Outcome measuresa | Adapted from | Items | Rangeb | Illustrative item | α c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother-daughter closenessd | Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) |
5 | 1-5 | My daughter always tells me about her problems and worries. |
0.91 |
Mother-daughter communication |
Family Problem Solving Communication Index (McCubbin, Thompson, & McCubbin, 1996) |
5 | 1-5 | I can discuss my beliefs with my mom without feeling restrained or embarrassed. |
0.83 |
Maternal monitoringd | Parenting Practices Questionnaire (Gorman-Smith et al., 1996) |
5 | 1-5 | If my daughter is going to be late, she lets me know. |
0.89 |
Family rules about substance used |
Strengthening Families Program (Spoth, Redmond, & Shin, 1998) | 3 | 1-5 | I have explained my rules about alcohol use to my child. |
0.82 |
Depressive symptoms | Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1992) |
10 | 0-2 | I’m sad once in a while. | 0.81 |
Body esteem | Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988) |
5 | 1-5 | I am happy with the way I look. | 0.85 |
Self-efficacy | Self-Efficacy Scale (DiClemente, Prochaska, & Gibertini, 1985) | 5 | 1-5 | I am confident that I won’t use substances when I see others use at a party. |
0.89 |
Refusal skills | Drug Refusal Skills (Macaulay, Griffin, & Botvin, 2002) | 10 | 1-5 | If a boy you like offered you some pot and you didn’t want it, how hard would it be to say no? |
0.84 |
Peer substance use normative beliefs |
Monitoring the Future national survey (Johnston, O’Malley, & Bachman, 2001) |
6 | 0-4 | How many of your friends drink alcohol at least once a week? |
0.82 |
Substance use intention | Commitment to Not Use Drugs Scale (Hansen, 1996) |
8 | 1-5 | I plan to get drunk sometime in the next year. |
0.88 |
30-day substance usee | American Drug and Alcohol Survey (ADAS; Rocky Mountain Behavioral Institute, 2003) |
4 | - | On how many occasions have you used prescription drugs in order to get high within the last 30 days? |
- |
Note.
Unless indicated, measures were administered to participating daughters.
A higher score indicates a greater propensity on each measure.
Cronbach’s alpha reliability statistics showing for the average of internal consistency correlations for items within each outcome measurement scale from baseline to 2-year follow-up.
Measures were completed by mothers.
Girls reported the number of alcoholic drinks (i.e., beer, wine, malt liquor, wine coolers, sweet alcoholic drinks, mixed drinks, or hard liquor) they had; the number of occasions they smoked cigarettes; the number of occasions they used marijuana; and the number of occasions they took prescription drugs (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall, Vicodin, OxyContin, Xanax, Valium, Ambien, and Lunesta) just to get high in the past 30 days.