Table 2.

Descriptions of Study Outcome Measures

Outcome measuresa	Adapted from	Items	Rangeb	Illustrative item	α c
Mother-daughter closenessd	Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987)	5	1-5	My daughter always tells me about her problems and worries.	0.91
Mother-daughter  communication	Family Problem Solving Communication Index (McCubbin, Thompson, & McCubbin, 1996)	5	1-5	I can discuss my beliefs with my mom without feeling restrained or embarrassed.	0.83
Maternal monitoringd	Parenting Practices Questionnaire (Gorman-Smith et al., 1996)	5	1-5	If my daughter is going to be late, she lets me know.	0.89
Family rules about  substance used	Strengthening Families Program (Spoth, Redmond, & Shin, 1998)	3	1-5	I have explained my rules about alcohol use to my child.	0.82
Depressive symptoms	Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1992)	10	0-2	I’m sad once in a while.	0.81
Body esteem	Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988)	5	1-5	I am happy with the way I look.	0.85
Self-efficacy	Self-Efficacy Scale (DiClemente, Prochaska, & Gibertini, 1985)	5	1-5	I am confident that I won’t use substances when I see others use at a party.	0.89
Refusal skills	Drug Refusal Skills (Macaulay, Griffin, & Botvin, 2002)	10	1-5	If a boy you like offered you some pot and you didn’t want it, how hard would it be to say no?	0.84
Peer substance use  normative beliefs	Monitoring the Future national survey (Johnston, O’Malley, & Bachman, 2001)	6	0-4	How many of your friends drink alcohol at least once a week?	0.82
Substance use intention	Commitment to Not Use Drugs Scale (Hansen, 1996)	8	1-5	I plan to get drunk sometime in the next year.	0.88
30-day substance usee	American Drug and Alcohol Survey (ADAS; Rocky Mountain Behavioral Institute, 2003)	4	-	On how many occasions have you used prescription drugs in order to get high within the last 30 days?	-

Note.

^aUnless indicated, measures were administered to participating daughters.

^bA higher score indicates a greater propensity on each measure.

^cCronbach’s alpha reliability statistics showing for the average of internal consistency correlations for items within each outcome measurement scale from baseline to 2-year follow-up.

^dMeasures were completed by mothers.

^eGirls reported the number of alcoholic drinks (i.e., beer, wine, malt liquor, wine coolers, sweet alcoholic drinks, mixed drinks, or hard liquor) they had; the number of occasions they smoked cigarettes; the number of occasions they used marijuana; and the number of occasions they took prescription drugs (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall, Vicodin, OxyContin, Xanax, Valium, Ambien, and Lunesta) just to get high in the past 30 days.