Table 1. Primers used for construction of recombinant viruses.

Chimera*	Amplified fragment	Primer name†	Primer sequence‡
pWNV-MAD78 P156S	1102→1440	1102V	5′-AGATGATGAAGATGGAAGCAGC-3′
		1440C	5′-CAACCTGCGTGGAGTAGTTACCATGGGA-3′
	1420→3836	1420V	5′-GGTAACTACTCCACGCAGGTTGGAG-3′
		3836C	5′-GTTCTCTTGGTTGGTCCATCTCGCC-3′
pWNV-NYS156P	BamHIT7→1441	1V§	5′-caaaggatcctaatacgactcactatagAGTAGTTCGCCTGTGTGAGCTGA-3′
		1441C	5′-AACCTGTGTAGGGTAGTTTCCGTGCGAC-3′
	1421→4087	1421V	5′-CGGAAACTACCCTACACAGGTTGGAGCCAC-3′
		4087C	5′-ctctagaCACTCCTCTTCTCCCT-3′
pB-NY	2495→7037	2495V	5′-gtcatcatcatcatGCCGGCAAGAGCTGAGATG-3′
		7037C	5′-GTTTCTTCTGGACTTGAGGCCTGCAACAGC-3′(ΔNgoMIV)
	7024→11 029	7204V	5′-CTTGAGGCCAGCAACAGCCTGGTCACT-3′(ΔNgoMIV)
		11029C	5′-gaacacaggatcttctagAGTCGAATTGAAAAAGGAAGAG-3′

^*Schematics of individual chimeras are presented in Figs 5–7.

^†Primers encoding the viral genome are denoted (‘V’), whilst the complementary primer for each fragment is indicated by (‘C’).

^‡Nucleotide numbering is based on the sequence from GenBank accession numbers AF404756 (NY) and DQ176636 (WNV-MAD78). Viral and non-viral sequences are in upper case and lower case, respectively. Nucleotide changes to viral sequences are underlined. Removal of restriction endonuclease sites is indicated in parentheses at the end of the primer.

^§The T7 promoter is indicated in italics.