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Heparan sulfate (HS) is involved in essentially each step of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathological development in Alzheimer's disease. HS modulates β-secretase (BACE) activity and accelerates Aβ aggregation and fibrillization. It is unclear whether HS is involved in formation of the toxic oligomers/protofibrils; however, HS mediates toxic effect of different types of Aβ fibrils. HS in the basement membrane participates in clearance of Aβ.
