Table 6.

Possible protective mechanisms of statins.

Possible protective mechanisms of statins	Studies
Blunted TBI-induced increases in amyloid beta protein, reduced hippocampal tissue damage, and microglial activation	[24]
Restored axonal integrity	[16]
Downregulation of inflammatory gene expression, reduced neuronal degeneration, preserved neuronal density, and reduced microgliosis	[25]
Reduction of intravascular thrombosis, increased cerebral microvascular patency and integrity	[26]
Increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, reduced delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA3 region	[10, 13]
Reduced hippocampal degeneration, improved cerebral blood flow	[28]
Regulation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis	[27, 29–31]