Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics for the entire sample (n=425) and by occurrence of an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) during 11 years of follow-up
| Onset of episode of MDD during follow-up |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristic | All (n=425)a | Yes (n=156)b | No (n=269)c | p value |
| Age (years), mean (s.d.) | 46.1 (2.5) | 45.8 (2.4) | 46.3 (2.6) | 0.08 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| African-American | 147 (35) | 58 (37) | 89 (33) | 0.39 |
| Caucasian | 278 (65) | 98 (63) | 180 (67) | |
| Very upsetting life events (past year), n (%) | ||||
| None | 202 (48) | 51 (33) | 151 (56) | |
| One | 95 (22) | 38 (24) | 57 (21) | <0.001 |
| Two or more | 127 (30) | 67 (43) | 60 (22) | |
| High anxiety symptoms, sum ≥4, n (%) | 103 (24) | 55 (35) | 48 (18) | <0.001 |
| CES-D score (past week), range 0–60, median (IQR) | 9 (3–16) | 12.5 (6–19.5) | 6 (2–13) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety symptoms score (past 2 weeks), range 0–16, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 |
| Spielberger trait anxiety, range 10–40, median (IQR) | 16 (12–21) | 19.5 (15–25) | 15 (12–19) | <0.001 |
| Social support, range 0–16, median (IQR) | 13 (11–15) | 13 (11–15) | 13 (11–15) | 0.42 |
| SCID lifetimed history of ADe, n (%) | 100 (24) | 50 (32) | 50 (19) | 0.002 |
| SCID lifetimed history of MDD, n (%) | 147 (35) | 83 (53) | 64 (24) | <0.001 |
| SCID currentf ADe, n (%) | 50 (12) | 28 (18) | 22 (8) | 0.003 |
| SCID currentf MDD, n (%) | 13 (3) | 10 (6) | 3 (1) | 0.002 |
CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; IQR, interquartile range; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Axis I Disorders; AD, anxiety disoder; s.d., standard deviation.
Includes three women who did not have consecutive visits and five women who were missing covariate data. Category numbers for each characteristic vary slightly from group totals due to random missing data. Column percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. The percentages are calculated after excluding participants with missing data. Means, percentages and medians were compared by Student t, χ2 and Wilcoxon tests respectively.
Includes 10 women with current MDD at baseline [eight subjects who had a recurrent lifetime history of MDD (prior to baseline) and had additional episode(s) during follow-up; and for two subjects baseline was their first episode of MDD and they had additional episode(s) during follow-up].
Includes three women with current MDD at baseline (for two subjects, baseline was their only episode of MDD; and for one subject baseline was the second MDD episode lifetime with none during follow-up).
Lifetime history at baseline was defined as the occurrence of AD or MDD at any time more than 1 month prior to baseline (i.e. study entry).
Includes panic disorder (5% lifetime, 1% current), agoraphobia (0.2% lifetime, 0 current), social phobia (6% lifetime, 2% current), specific phobia (6% lifetime, 4% current), obsessive–compulsive disorder (0.5% lifetime, 0.2% current), generalized anxiety disorder (1% current), and AD not otherwise specified (7% lifetime, 4% current).
Current at baseline refers to an episode of AD or MDD that was present at the time of the baseline Mental Health Study (MHS) interview or within the previous month.