Table 2.

Odds ratios (ORs) for predictors of an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) at subsequent (T+1) visit, n=417^a

Variables	OR (95% CI)	p value
Anxiety symptoms scorelog	1.47 (1.10–1.98)	0.01
Baseline age	0.98 (0.90–1.07)	0.66
Timeb	1.06 (1.01–1.11)	0.02
African-American	1.41 (0.93–2.13)	0.11
Baseline trait anxiety	1.07 (1.03–1.11)	< 0.001
Very upsetting life events		< 0.001
1 event v. 0 events	1.28 (0.87–1.88)	0.21
2 or more events v. 0 events	2.14 (1.52–3.00)	< 0.001
Cumulative history of ADc	1.89 (1.29–2.77)	0.001
Cumulative history of MDDd	2.55 (1.73–3.75)	< 0.001
CES-Dlog	1.63 (1.33–1.99)	< 0.001

AD, Anxiety disoder; CI, confidence interval; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.

^aBased on 3530 observations and 363 episodes of MDD (63 first-onset +300 recurrent); eight of the original 425 subjects were missing covariate data or consecutive visits. Variables are listed at time T with the exception of baseline age, trait anxiety and race.

^bTime since baseline (i.e. aging).

^cCumulative history is defined as the occurrence of an AD at any time more than 1 month prior to the current visit. Note that histories are time-varying covariates, so the coding for each value can change across visits for subjects who had no lifetime history of AD at baseline. AD includes panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and AD not otherwise specified.

^dCumulative history is defined as the occurrence of an MDD at any time more than 1 year prior to the current visit. Note that histories are time-varying covariates, so the coding for each value can change across visits for subjects who had no lifetime history of MDD at baseline.