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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2014 Aug;52(8):695–703. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000159

Table 3.

Estimated Impact of Part D on White-Black Differences in Lipid Lowering Medication Use among Dual Enrollees by State Cap Status & Agea

Strict Drug Cap States
Intercept Baseline Trend Part D Trend Change Post Part D White-Black Gap: 1 Year Post
Estimate (95% CI) p-value b Estimate (95% CI) p-value Estimate (95% CI) p-value Estimate (95% CI) p-value Estimatedc Projectedd
Non-Elderly
 Any 0.05 (0.04, 0.07) <0.001 0.0002 (−0.001, 0.001) 0.686 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) 0.211 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) 0.391 0.09e 0.06
 SMDf 0.15 (0.10, 0.20) <0.001 0.003 (−0.0004, 0.01) 0.08 −0.06 (−0.14, 0.02) 0.158 0.001 (−0.005, 0.007) 0.695 0.24g 0.28
Elderly
 Any 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) 0.415 0.001 (0.00005, 0.002) 0.042 −0.002 (−0.03, 0.02) 0.855 −0.0001 (−0.002, 0.002) 0.886 0.05 0.06
 SMD 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) <0.001 0.003 (−0.0001, 0.005) 0.055 −0.01 (−0.07, 0.05) 0.813 −0.003 (−0.01, 0.001) 0.200 0.16 0.20
No Drug Cap States
Intercept Baseline Trend Part D Trend Change Post Part D White-Black Gap: 1 Year Post
Estimate (95% CI) p-value Estimate (95% CI) p-value Estimate (95% CI) p-value Estimate (95% CI) p-value Estimatedc Projectedd
Non-Elderly
 Any 0.12 (0.11, 0.13) <0.001 0.001 (0.0004, 0.001) 0.001 −0.01 (−0.02, 0.001) 0.067 −0.0002 (−0.001, 0.001) 0.604 0.14 0.16
 SMD 0.22 (0.20, 0.23) <0.001 0.004 (0.002, 0.005) <0.001 0.03 (0.003, 0.05) 0.032 −0.004 (−0.01, −0.002) <0.001 0.32 0.36
Elderly
 Any 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) <0.001 0.001 (−0.0002, 0.001) 0.153 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) 0.397 0.00002 (−0.001, 0.001) 0.979 0.09 0.08
 SMD 0.12 (0.10, 0.15) <0.001 0.003 (0.001, 0.004) 0.001 0.03 (−0.005, 0.07) 0.085 −0.005 (−0.007, −0.002) <0.001 0.20 0.24
a

State Medicaid program limited monthly drug coverage to five or fewer total prescriptions or to three or fewer brand name drugs during the 24-month baseline period, 2004–2005. The 32 no-cap states were: AK, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, HI, IA, ID, IN, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, OR, RI, SD, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY. The 4 strict cap states were: AR, MS, OK, TX. The following 11 states had less restrictive caps: AL, CA, GA, IL, KS, KY, ME, NC, NY, PA, SC. Three states were excluded from the study due to data anomalies: AZ, LA, OH. We also excluded one state due to the introduction of a drug cap during the baseline period: TN.

b

Estimated outcome at 12 months post policy implementation (April 2007) based on time series model

c

Projected outcome at 12 months post policy implementation (April 2007) based on time series model

d

p value < 0.006 was considered significant

e

difference in the absolute percentage point estimate of the proportion of users per month at 12 months post policy implementation (April 2007)

f

Standardized monthly dose

g

difference in the standardized monthly dose per month in April 2007