Table 4. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) for gastrointestinal cancers incidence associated with duration of diabetes at enrollment ^*.

	Duration of diabetes at enrollment
Type of cancer	<10 years		10 or more years
	Cases	HR (95% CI)	Cases	HR (95% CI)
Liver	9	2.49 (1.19 - 5.21)	8	3.77 (1.74 - 8.17)
Biliary	6	1.05 (0.45 - 2.44)	5	1.62 (0.65 - 4.05)
Pancreas	20	1.32 (0.83 - 2.10)	19	2.17 (1.35 - 3.50)
Colon	83	1.39 (1.10 - 1.75)	45	1.31 (0.97 - 1.77)
Rectum	16	1.72 (1.02 - 2.91)	11	2.17 (1.16 - 4.04)

^*In each multivariable model, we adjusted for age (<55, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, ≥75), ethnicity (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African-American, Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic white, and other), education (high school or less, some college/technical training, college or some post-college, and master's degree or higher), smoking status (never, former, current), body mass index (<18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25.0-29.9, 30.0-34.9, 35.0-39.9, >=40), waist-to-hip ratio (quintile), physical activity (metabolic equivalent tasks [METs] per week: <5, 5-<10, 10-<20, 20-<30, 30 or more), alcohol intake (non-drinker, past drinker, <1drink per month, 1 drink/month-<1 drink/wk, 1-<7 drinks/wk, 7+drinks/wk), total daily energy intake (quintile), percent of daily dietary calories from fat (quintile), history of hormone therapy use (none, estrogen alone, estrogen and progestin, mixed) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use (yes, no). In addition, we adjusted for an additional variable (whether women ever had stomach or duodenal ulcer disease) for stomach cancer; an additional variable (whether women ever had liver disease) for liver cancer; and gallstone disease for biliary cancer.