Table 3.
Bronchoalveolar Fluid Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factors as Related to Acute Cellular Rejection
| Protein | Concentration, per mg protein, median (IQR) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A0 | A1/A2 | A3/A4 | ||
| C5a, pg/mg | 2,773 (1,968–3,874) | 2,307 (1,848–3,320) | 667.3 | 0.141 |
| IL-1β, pg/mg | 4.8 (0.8–11.8) | 0.2 (0.0–5.0)* | 0.0 (0.0–1.1)* | <0.001 |
| IL-1RA, pg/mg | 461.3 (206.3–1,128) | 249.5 (96.1–544.1)* | 157.2 (63.9–650.0) | 0.005 |
| IL-2, pg/mg | 0.0 (0.0–6.7) | 0.0 (0.0–2.7) | 0.0 (0.0–2.7) | 0.707 |
| IL-4, pg/mg | 2.7 (0.4–6.0) | 1.7 (0.6–4.0) | 0.6 (0.2–3.2) | 0.339 |
| IL-5, pg/mg | 1.6 (0.0–4.2) | 1.9 (0.0–3.8) | 0.7 (0.0–1.3) | 0.453 |
| IL-6, pg/mg | 20.1 (9.4–38.2) | 15.3 (5.0–25.0) | 16.6 (5.4–210.2) | 0.080 |
| IL-7, pg/mg | 28.2 (10.0–63.3) | 16.4 (5.0–46.9) | 3.2 (0.3–12.0)* | 0.001 |
| IL-8, pg/mg | 345.8 (176.1–1,109) | 207.4 (82.6–484.0)* | 232.1 (37.0–2386) | 0.009 |
| IL-9, pg/mg | 21.4 (8.4–47.1) | 12.5 (2.7–24.3)* | 3.9 (2.1–5.8)* | <0.001 |
| IL-10, pg/mg | 34.7 (8.9–80.5) | 22.6 (4.2–42.7) | 10.0 (4.0–12.2) | 0.017 |
| IL-12, pg/mg | 222.5 (93.2–411.9) | 111.2 (41.3–255.8)* | 27.5 (5.1–120.3)* | <0.0001 |
| IL-13, pg/mg | 17.6 (8.4–36.6) | 14.2 (4.1–40.8) | 4.8 (0.0–8.4)* | 0.016 |
| IL-15, pg/mg | 25.7 (5.2–48.7) | 21.0 (2.9–43.0) | 1.6 (0.3–21.7)* | 0.031 |
| IL-17, pg/mg | 9.4 (0.0–34.4) | 1.5 (0.0–21.7) | 0.1 (0.0–8.3) | 0.053 |
| Eotaxin, pg/mg | 0.0 (0.0–80.4) | 0.0 (0.0–91.2) | 0.0 (0.0–64.9) | 0.648 |
| bFGF, pg/mg | 15.1 (0.0–34.4) | 9.8 (0.0–36.6) | 12.5 (2.8–35.0) | 0.818 |
| G-CSF, pg/mg | 231.2 (127.3–372.9) | 147.8 (69.2–234.8)* | 18.1 (46.5–130.4)* | <0.0001 |
| GM-CSF, pg/mg | 403.5 (226.4–749.8) | 233.3 (137.3–544.2)* | 125.8 (6.4–220.5)* | <0.001 |
| IFN-γ, pg/mg | 112.8 (33.8–213.9) | 56.1 (5.9–112.9)* | 21.3 (0.0–42.5)* | <0.001 |
| IP-10, pg/mg | 4,565 (2,643–11,752) | 5,526 (3,381–11,894) | 3939 (1127–16161) | 0.550 |
| MCP-1, pg/mg | 309.1 (177.3–654.8) | 223.3 (125.7–452.0) | 263.3 (61.8–325.4) | 0.168 |
| MIP-1α, pg/mg | 1.1 (0.0–5.6) | 0.3 (0.0–2.8) | 0.6 (0.0–1.8) | 0.259 |
| MIP-1β, pg/mg | 78.9 (44.3–137.0) | 62.4 (38.0–107.5) | 30.0 (12.4–100.9)* | 0.019 |
| PDGF, pg/mg | 44.4 (10.1–94.0) | 24.6 (0.0–49.7)* | 2.0 (0.0–24.8) | 0.004 |
| RANTES, pg/mg | 40.5 (3.3–103.0) | 26.9 (0.0–70.6) | 10.4 (2.1–138.7) | 0.452 |
| TGF-β, pg/mg | 34.1 (22.8–52.4) | 29.1 (17.6–48.5) | 74.9 (59.6–320.7)* | 0.024 |
| TNF-α, pg/mg | 0.0 (0.0–9.1) | 0.0 (0.0–8.7) | 1.2 (0.0–15.7) | 0.849 |
| VEGF, pg/mg | 2,713 (1,337–4,320) | 1,308 (552.9–2,265)* | 176.8 (71.6–972.7)* | <0.0001 |
| MPO, U/mg | 1,064 (681.7–2,396) | 783.7 (544.7–1,264) | 5,259 (110.2–10,409) | 0.281 |
| A1AT, μg/mg | 14,971 (9,988–26,500) | 10,060 (7,800–23,357) | 4,405 (1,096–7,713) | 0.063 |
| NE, ng/mg | 0.0 (0.0–557.3) | 124.2 (0.0–479.7) | 1,120 (16.2–2,224) | 0.492 |
| A1AT/NE | 2,553 (26.6–16,249) | 102.9 (27.3–8137) | 238.2 (0.5–475.8) | 0.173 |
*
p< 0.05, vs. A0.
A1AT, α1-antitrypsin; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon-γ–induced protein 10; IQR, interquartile range; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory factor; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NE, neutrophil elastase; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RANTES, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.