Table 4.
Bronchoalveolar Fluid Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors as Related to Aspiration as Defined by the Detection of Pepsin
| Protein | Concentration, per mg protein, median (IQR) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspiration (−) | Aspiration (+) | ||
| C5a, pg | 2,865 (2,250–3,551) | 2,334 (1,758–3,362) | 0.040 |
| IL-1β, pg | 3 (0–12) | 6 (1–35) | 0.002 |
| IL-1RA, pg | 352 (186–752) | 538 (206–1,523) | 0.018 |
| IL-2, pg | 0 (0–8) | 0 (0–4) | 0.045 |
| IL-4, pg | 4 (1–8) | 2 (0–5) | 0.003 |
| IL-5, pg | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–3) | 0.377 |
| IL-6, pg | 22 (10–36) | 21 (9–44) | 0.774 |
| IL-7, pg | 25 (10–57) | 22 (6–45) | 0.193 |
| IL-8, pg | 288 (153–854) | 653 (177–2,707) | 0.009 |
| IL-9, pg | 22 (8–47) | 15 (4–29) | 0.011 |
| IL-10, pg | 36 (12–87) | 18 (6–58) | 0.002 |
| IL-12, pg | 245 (85–401) | 131 (45–270) | <0.001 |
| IL-13, pg | 23 (7–42) | 14 (6–28) | 0.018 |
| IL-15, pg | 30 (6–48) | 15 (4–38) | 0.019 |
| IL-17, pg | 5 (0–37) | 8 (0–27) | 0.815 |
| Eotaxin, pg | 0 (0–72) | 11 (0–91) | 0.064 |
| bFGF, pg | 10 (0–42) | 18 (0–39) | 0.273 |
| G-CSF, pg | 221 (125–350) | 188 (81–392) | 0.305 |
| GM-CSF, pg | 423 (241–806) | 318 (146–585) | 0.004 |
| IFN-γ, pg | 114 (31–233) | 73 (16–168) | 0.016 |
| IP-10, pg | 5,327 (2,674–12,847) | 7,425 (3,713–19,713) | 0.014 |
| MCP-1, pg | 350 (192–757) | 269 (164–636) | 0.232 |
| MIP-1α, pg | 1 (0–5) | 2 (0–8) | 0.224 |
| MIP-1β, pg | 74 (41–134) | 80 (50–151) | 0.081 |
| PDGF, pg | 34 (0–79) | 39 (11–89) | 0.376 |
| RANTES, pg | 36 (0–102) | 41 (12–93) | 0.252 |
| TGF-β, pg | 194 (131–270) | 204 (139–262) | 0.674 |
| TNF-α, pg | 0 (0–9) | 2 (0–16) | 0.017 |
| VEGF, pg | 2,325 (1,034–4,134) | 2,067 (722–3,612) | 0.211 |
| MPO, U | 1,119 (751–1,975) | 902 (593–1,578) | 0.090 |
| A1AT, μg | 15 (9–29) | 13 (8–23) | 0.169 |
| NE, ng | 0 (0–454) | 203 (0–1,139) | 0.011 |
| A1AT/NE | 3.1 (0.0–14.2) | 0.1 (0.0–9.3) | 0.009 |
A1AT, α1-antitrypsin; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon-γ–induced protein 10; IQR, interquartile range; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory factor; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NE, neutrophil elastase; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RANTES, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.