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. 2014 Aug 6;100(3):833–849. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.086314

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© 2014 American Society for Nutrition

This is a free access article, distributed under terms (http://www.nutrition.org/publications/guidelines-and-policies/license/) that permit unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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FIGURE 4. — Random-effects meta-analysis of RCTs reporting liver enzyme outcomes. A: Hypercaloric fructose compared with WM diet: ALT outcome. B: Hypercaloric fructose compared with glucose: ALT outcome. C: Hypercaloric fructose compared with glucose: AST outcome. Each black box represents the individual study's effect estimate, and the horizontal line represents the 95% CI of the effect estimate. Within each panel, the diamond shape represents the meta-analysis pooled effect estimate and its CI. *Because the same 24 men were randomly assigned to receive 2 different doses of fructose or glucose, only results from one dose can be included in the meta-analysis. Results from 80 g fructose/d compared with glucose diets were included in the current meta-analysis. The use of results from 40 g fructose/d compared with glucose diets produced similar pooled-effect estimates. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; MD, mean difference between groups; ROB, risk of bias; T2DM, type 2 diabetes; WM, weight maintenance.