TABLE 1.
Age-adjusted baseline characteristics of study population by frequency of sugar-sweetened soda consumption1
| NHS (n = 79,570) |
NHS II (n = 107,330) |
|||||||
| <1 serving/mo | 1–4 servings/mo | 2–6 servings/wk | ≥1 servings/d | <1 serving/mo | 1–4 servings/mo | 2–6 servings/wk | ≥1 servings/d | |
| No. of participants | 36,100 | 9814 | 25,915 | 7741 | 64,336 | 8570 | 25,237 | 9187 |
| Age (y) | 49.6 ± 7.12 | 49.1 ± 7.1 | 47.5 ± 7.1 | 46.3 ± 7.1 | 38.9 ± 4.6 | 38.6 ± 4.7 | 38.3 ± 4.7 | 38.1 ± 4.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 4.5 | 24.3 ± 4.3 | 24.6 ± 4.5 | 25.2 ± 5.1 | 25.6 ± 5.7 | 25.0 ± 5.4 | 24.8 ± 5.4 | 25.5 ± 6.4 |
| Census tract median family income ($ ×1000) | 67.2 ± 27.1 | 64.2 ± 25.6 | 62.6 ± 24.5 | 61.4 ± 24.3 | 63.4 ± 23.5 | 61.8 ± 22.8 | 61.0 ± 21.9 | 58.2 ± 20.8 |
| Physical activity (MET-h/wk) | 15.6 ± 22.0 | 13.4 ± 20.3 | 13.0 ± 18.4 | 11.7 ± 17.8 | 23.0 ± 29.2 | 19.6 ± 25.1 | 18.6 ± 24.9 | 16.8 ± 24.1 |
| AHEI score | 50.5 ± 10.9 | 47.7 ± 10.1 | 45.0 ± 9.7 | 42.3 ± 10.1 | 46.9 ± 10.5 | 43.8 ± 9.9 | 40.1 ± 9.4 | 34.2 ± 8.8 |
| Alcohol consumption (g/d) | 7.3 ± 11.2 | 5.5 ± 9.4 | 5.4 ± 9.2 | 6.0 ± 11.4 | 3.2 ± 5.6 | 2.8 ± 5.0 | 2.8 ± 5.2 | 2.3 ± 4.8 |
| Smoking status (%) | 60.2 | 52.2 | 50.9 | 58.7 | 35.3 | 31.7 | 31.5 | 36.5 |
| Multivitamin use (%) | 38.3 | 37.1 | 34.6 | 32.3 | 42.9 | 44.3 | 42.6 | 38.3 |
| Menarche before age 12 y (%) | 24.4 | 23.2 | 21.7 | 21.5 | 25.9 | 24.3 | 21.8 | 20.7 |
| Oral contraceptive use (%) | 50.0 | 49.6 | 49.1 | 49.9 | 83.7 | 82.3 | 82.3 | 84.3 |
| Parous (%) | 92.2 | 92.5 | 93.3 | 92.2 | 68.4 | 69.7 | 72.9 | 70.7 |
| Breastfeeding ≥12 mo (%) | 18.3 | 19.4 | 18.0 | 13.1 | 23.8 | 28.4 | 28.4 | 21.0 |
| Postmenopausal (%) | 40.4 | 40.1 | 40.3 | 40.7 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 5.7 |
| Current hormone use (%) | 16.8 | 16.8 | 15.8 | 14.8 | 23.2 | 39.6 | 36.6 | 36.8 |
| Artificially sweetened soda (servings/d) | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 1.0 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 1468.3 ± 474 | 1522.3 ± 479 | 1640.1 ± 497 | 1810.0 ± 535 | 1688.4 ± 516 | 1757.0 ± 527 | 1888.2 ± 546 | 2116.8 ± 567 |
1
Values (except for age) were standardized to the age distribution of the study population. AHEI, Alternate Healthy Eating Index; MET-h, metabolic equivalent task-hours; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values).