FIG 4.
Complementation of class I Ctp mutants. A. tumefaciens mutants were complemented by plasmid-borne, ectopically expressed constructs (Plac-ctpA, Plac-ctpB, and Plac-ctpG). (A) Seventy-two-hour static biofilm assays on coverslips prepared as described in the legend to Fig. 3 and grown with 500 μM IPTG induction. (B) Short-term irreversible binding assays on coverslips with 500 μM IPTG induction. Coverslips were incubated with cell culture for 1 h and then subjected to strong washing. Total numbers of attached cells per field of view (∼3.13 × 104 μm2) were determined by counting with a Nikon E800 in bright-field mode at ×100 magnification. The values are mean results of 10 fields of view, and the error bars show the standard deviations.