Effects of the mutation at GntR1 binding sites on the promoter activity of the predicted target genes. The strains containing icd, gapB, pyk, or maeB promoter-lacZ fusion with or without mutations at GntR1 binding sites were grown in nutrient-rich A medium supplemented with 2.0% (wt/vol) glucose or 2.0% gluconate or 1.0% glucose plus 1.0% gluconate. Culture samples were taken at an OD610 of 2.0, and β-galactosidase activities were determined. The values are the means of results from three independent experiments, and standard deviations are indicated.