Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2008 Aug 13;153(5):667–673. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.05.016

Table 1.

Characteristics of children according to usual dairy intake throughout childhood

Characteristics Dairy (≥ 2 servings)
(n=49)
Dairy (< 2 servings)
(n=35)
p value
(mean ± s.e.)
Baseline Data *
 Baseline Age 4.0 ± 0.69 4.0 ± 0.85 0.8601
 Baseline Height 40.6 ± 0.27 40.0 ± 0.32 0.1594
 Baseline BMI 16.0 ± 0.18 16.5 ± 0.22 0.1119
Measures of Activity and Inactivity**
 Activity (caltrac counts/hour) 10.8 ± 0.25 10.0 ± 0.30 0.0630
 TV (hours/day) 2.1 ± 0.12 2.3 ± 0.15 0.2143
Food Intakes (servings per day)*
 Dairy 2.6 ± 0.08 1.6 ± 0.09 <.0001
 Fruit 1.8 ± 0.15 1.9 ± 0.18 0.7460
 Vegetables 1.7 ± 0.11 2.0 ± 0.13 0.2094
 Grains 6.8 ± 0.17 6.7 ± 0.21 0.7796
 Meat / Other Non-Dairy Proteins 3.6 ± 0.15 3.5 ± 0.19 0.7756
Nutrient Intakes (per day)*
 Energy (kilocalories) 1974.2 ± 35.5 1799.0 ± 43.6 0.0059
 Calcium (mg) 1036.6 ± 24.7 747.8 ± 30.3 <.0001
 Magnesium (mg) 237.2 ± 5.6 203.2 ± 6.9 0.0008
 Phosphorus (mg) 1249.8 ± 25.3 1002.6 ± 31.1 <.0001
 Potassium (mg) 2275.9 ± 56.9 1985.5 ± 69.8 0.0044
 Zinc (mg) 9.2 ± 0.24 8.1 ± 0.29 0.0087
 Vitamin D (μg) 6.9 ± 0.24 4.3 ± 0.29 <.0001
Height Velocity
 Maximum height velocity (inches/year) 3.2 ± 0.76 3.1 ± 0.72 0.5848
 Age at maximum height velocity 12.4 ± 1.5 11.7 ± 1.5 0.0172
Characteristics at Time of Bone Scan***
 Age 15.9 ± 0.79 16.0 ± 1.0 0.9117
 Height 68.5 ± 0.42 66.6 ± 0.51 0.0113
 Weight 153.5 ± 4.6 151.0 ± 5.7 0.7559
 BMI 22.9 ± 0.68 23.8 ± 0.83 0.4199
 Height z-scores 0.65 ± 0.89 0.21 ± 1.1 0.0425
 Weight z-scores 0.91 ± 0.88 0.59 ± 0.93 0.1157
 BMI z-scores 0.62 ± 0.92 0.52 ± 0.97 0.6347
*

Baseline height and BMI adjusted for gender and baseline age.

**

Means (adjusted for age and gender) are estimated as an average during exposure period (from preschool to exam prior to bone scan)

***

Height, weight and BMI at time of bone scan adjusted for gender and age at time of bone scan.