Table 1.

Characteristics of children according to usual dairy intake throughout childhood

Characteristics	Dairy (≥ 2 servings) (n=49)	Dairy (< 2 servings) (n=35)	p value
	(mean ± s.e.)
Baseline Data *
Baseline Age	4.0 ± 0.69	4.0 ± 0.85	0.8601
Baseline Height	40.6 ± 0.27	40.0 ± 0.32	0.1594
Baseline BMI	16.0 ± 0.18	16.5 ± 0.22	0.1119
Measures of Activity and Inactivity**
Activity (caltrac counts/hour)	10.8 ± 0.25	10.0 ± 0.30	0.0630
TV (hours/day)	2.1 ± 0.12	2.3 ± 0.15	0.2143
Food Intakes (servings per day)*
Dairy	2.6 ± 0.08	1.6 ± 0.09	<.0001
Fruit	1.8 ± 0.15	1.9 ± 0.18	0.7460
Vegetables	1.7 ± 0.11	2.0 ± 0.13	0.2094
Grains	6.8 ± 0.17	6.7 ± 0.21	0.7796
Meat / Other Non-Dairy Proteins	3.6 ± 0.15	3.5 ± 0.19	0.7756
Nutrient Intakes (per day)*
Energy (kilocalories)	1974.2 ± 35.5	1799.0 ± 43.6	0.0059
Calcium (mg)	1036.6 ± 24.7	747.8 ± 30.3	<.0001
Magnesium (mg)	237.2 ± 5.6	203.2 ± 6.9	0.0008
Phosphorus (mg)	1249.8 ± 25.3	1002.6 ± 31.1	<.0001
Potassium (mg)	2275.9 ± 56.9	1985.5 ± 69.8	0.0044
Zinc (mg)	9.2 ± 0.24	8.1 ± 0.29	0.0087
Vitamin D (μg)	6.9 ± 0.24	4.3 ± 0.29	<.0001
Height Velocity
Maximum height velocity (inches/year)	3.2 ± 0.76	3.1 ± 0.72	0.5848
Age at maximum height velocity	12.4 ± 1.5	11.7 ± 1.5	0.0172
Characteristics at Time of Bone Scan***
Age	15.9 ± 0.79	16.0 ± 1.0	0.9117
Height	68.5 ± 0.42	66.6 ± 0.51	0.0113
Weight	153.5 ± 4.6	151.0 ± 5.7	0.7559
BMI	22.9 ± 0.68	23.8 ± 0.83	0.4199
Height z-scores	0.65 ± 0.89	0.21 ± 1.1	0.0425
Weight z-scores	0.91 ± 0.88	0.59 ± 0.93	0.1157
BMI z-scores	0.62 ± 0.92	0.52 ± 0.97	0.6347

^*Baseline height and BMI adjusted for gender and baseline age.

^**Means (adjusted for age and gender) are estimated as an average during exposure period (from preschool to exam prior to bone scan)

^***Height, weight and BMI at time of bone scan adjusted for gender and age at time of bone scan.