TABLE 1.
Human cancer viruses: transformation and tumorigenicity
| Virus | Abbreviation(s) | Type | Family | Cancer(s) | Tropism(s) | Integration | Infectious virus produced | Oncoproteins | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human papillomaviruses 16 and 18 | HPV16, HPV18 | DNA | Papillomavirus | Cervical carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma | Keratinocytes | Episomal and integrated | Yes | E6, E7 | 34, 35 |
| Epstein-Barr virus | EBV, HHV-4 | DNA | Herpesvirus | Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma | B lymphocytes, epithelial cells | Episomal | Yes | EBNA-1, EBNA-2 LMP-1, LMP-2 EBERs, BARTs | 19 |
| Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus | KSHV, HHV-8 | DNA | Herpesvirus | Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman's disease | B cells, macrophages, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, etc. | Episomal | Yes | LANA, vIL-6, vMIP-I, vFLIP, vBCL-2, v-cyclin-D, vGPCR, vIRF-1 | 50 |
| Hepatitis B virus | HBV | DNA | Hepadnavirus | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Liver | Yes | Yes | HBx, HBsAg | 27 |
| Hepatitis C virus | HCV | RNA | Flavivirus | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Liver | No | Yes | Core protein, NS3 | 45 |
| Human adult T-cell leukemia virus type 1 | HTLV-1 | RNA | Retrovirus | T-cell leukemia | T lymphocytes | Yes | Yes | Tax, p12, p30 p8, p13 | 38–40 |
| Merkel cell polyomavirus | MCV, MCPyV | DNA | Polyomavirus | Merkel cell carcinoma | Merkel cells | Yes | No | T antigen, t antigen | 56 |