TABLE 9.
Escherichia coli ST131 isolates in animal and food sourcesa
| Source and country(ies) | Study period | Study design | No. of ST131 isolates/total | FQr ST131 | ESBL/AmpC gene(s) in ST131 | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Companion animals | ||||||
| Portugal | 2004-2006 | 61 UTI E. coli isolates, 41 dogs and 20 cats | 1/61 | Yes | CTX-M-15 | 89, 113 |
| United States | 2008 | Dogs and cats in the same household (index case plus colonization) | 3/6 | Yes | No | 169 |
| France | 2006-2010 | 19 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates among 518 clinical dogs and cats | 1/19 | Yes | CTX-M-14 | 196 |
| Europe (8 countries, mainly Germany) | 2008-2009 | 177 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates (mostly cats, dogs, horses) | 10/177 | Mostly yes | Mostly CTX-M-15 | 170 |
| Japan | 2011 | 33 cefazolin-resistant ExPEC isolates, dogs and cats | 4/33 | ND | CTX-M-27 | 171 |
| Australia | 2007-2009 | 125 clinical FQr ExPEC isolates, 120 dogs and 5 cats | 9/125 | Yes | ND | 21, 172 |
| Australia | 2009 | 123 hospitalized dogs, 23 carrying FQr E. coli isolates | 2/123 | Yes | ND | 173 |
| Switzerland | 2010-2011 | 107 UTI E. coli isolates, 59 dogs and 40 cats, 4 with ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates | 0/107 | NA | NA | 174 |
| Korea | 2006-2007 | 628 E. coli, 422 stray and 206 hospitalized dogs, 34 carrying ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates. | 0/34 | NA | NA | 175 |
| The Netherlands | 2007-2009 | 2,700 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from mostly dogs, cats, and horses, 65 carrying ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates | 1/65 | Yes | CTX-M-15 | 176 |
| Kenya | 2009 | 49 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, dog and cat carriers | 3/49 | Yes | CTX-M-15 | 177 |
| Food-producing animals and foodstuffs | ||||||
| Germany | 2006-2007 | 1,378 clinical E. coli isolates, mostly swine, poultry, cattle (1,167), 22 with ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates | 1/22 | No | CTX-M-1 | 178 |
| England and Wales | 1999-2008 | 39 clinical ExPEC isolates, mostly cattle | 0 | NA | NA | 179 |
| England, Wales, Scotland | 2008-2009 | 388 broilers and 442 turkeys (carriage) | 0 | NA | NA | 180 |
| Spain | 2003 | 86 ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates, 59 from floors of poultry farms, 27 from pig farms | 1 (poultry) | ND | CTX-M-9 | 181 |
| Italy | 2009 | 101 E. coli, 91 from healthy chickens and 10 from healthy turkeys | 1 | No | ND | 182 |
| Spain | 2007-2009 | 463 chicken E. coli clinical isolates | 7/463 | No | CTX-M-9 (n = 2) | 35 |
| Spain, France, Belgium | 1991-2001 | 1,601 avian E. coli clinical isolates | 3/1,601 | Yes (n = 2) | No | |
| Spain | 2003 | 57 healthy chicken E. coli isolates | 1/57 | No | CTX-M-9 | |
| France | 2009-2011 | 1,745 E. coli clinical isolates from cattle mastitis screened for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates | 0 | NA | NA | 183 |
| The Netherlands | 2009 | 399 calves, 3 veal calf farms with fecal ESBL-producing isolates | 0 | NA | NA | 184 |
| The Netherlands | 2006 | 27 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from poultry | 0 | NA | NA | 185 |
| The Netherlands | 2009 | 158 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from chicken, other meat and human samples | In human samples only | NA | NA | 186 |
| France | 2007-2009 | 77 clinical ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from calves of which were 9 CTX-M-15 producers | 0 | NA | NA | 187 |
| China | 2007-2009 | 896 commensal E. coli isolates from pigs, chickens, and others | 0 | NA | NA | 188 |
| Canada | 2005-2007 | 417 E. coli isolates from retail meat | 1 | ND | ND | 189 |
| South America | 2008 | 141 ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates (raw chicken meat) | 0 | NA | NA | 190 |
| Spain | 2010 | 33 chicken and turkey meat samples | 0 | NA | NA | 191 |
| Spain | 2009-2010 | 100 retail chicken meat samples | 7/100 | Yes (n = 4) | CTX-M-9 (n = 4) | 35 |
| Animals living on the wild | ||||||
| Russia | 2008 | 532 E. coli isolates from wild birds screened for ESBL-producing isolates | 1 | ND | CTX-M-15 | 192 |
| Portugal | 2007-2008 | 45 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from seagulls | 4/45 | ND | CTX-M-32, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-1 | 193 |
| Czech Republic | 2006-2008 | 499 E. coli isolates from cormorants screened, among which 8 ESBL producers | 2/8 | Yes | CTX-M-27 | 194 |
| Germany | 2009 | 66 urban rats (carriage) | 1/66 | Yes | CTX-M-9 | 195 |
a
Abbreviations: UTI, urinary tract infection; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; FQr, fluoroquinolone resistant; AmpC, cephalosporinase; ExPEC. extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli; NA, not available; ND, not determined.