FIG 1.

Phylogenetic tree of the order Chaetothyriales based on the D1–D2 region of the large-subunit ribosomal DNA, constructed by the maximum likelihood method implemented in MEGA, applying the Tamura 3-parameter model and midpoint rooting, with 1,000 bootstrap replications. Most clinically relevant species are located in the family Herpotrichiellaceae, in which approximate groups with different pathologies are recognized. A group with superficial colonizers of human skin was recently separated as the Cyphellophoraceae, while another family, the Trichomeriaceae, nearly exclusively contains environmental fungi.