TABLE 4.
Details of major birth defects in the fluoroquinolone cohort
| Infant no. | GW at birth/ETOPa | Birth defect(s)b | Substance(s) | Dosage (mg/day) | GW at exposure | Coexposure (trimester) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 38 | VSD | Ciprofloxacin | 2 × 250 | 3–4 | Salbutamol (1) |
| 2 | 39 | Polydactyly, microcephaly | Ciprofloxacin | Unknown | 3–4 | Ibuprofen (1), clindamycin (1), head X-ray (1), nicotine (1–3) |
| 3 | 40 | VSD | Ciprofloxacin | 2 × 250 | 4–5 | Ibuprofen (1) |
| 4 | 34 | Gastroschisis | Ciprofloxacin | 2 × 500 | 1–2 | Doxycycline (1), ambroxol (1) |
| 5 | 38 | Hypospadias (degree unknown, operation recommended) | Ciprofloxacin | 500 | 3 | Acyclovir (1), erythromycin (1), budesonide (1), oxytetracycline (1), nicotine (1–3) |
| 6 | 36 | ASD | Ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin | 2 × 500; unknown | 0–36; 3rd trimester | Azithromycin (1–3), aztreonam (1–3), colistin (1–3), fenoterol (1–3), ipratropium (1–3), pancreatin (1–3), salbutamol (1–3), vitamin K (1–3), insulin (2–3), ceftazidime (3), ivacaftor (3), meropenem (3) |
| 7 | 19 (ETOP) | Spina bifida occulta with hydrocephaly | Ciprofloxacin | 500 | 3–5 | Metamizole (1) |
| 8 | 15 (ETOP) | Univentricular heart | Ciprofloxacin | Unknown | 7–8 | Penicillin (1) |
| 9 | 12 (ETOP) | Atrioventricular canal | Levofloxacin; moxifloxacin | 500; 400 | 5–6; 5 | Glatiramer (1–2), corticosteroid (1) |
| 10 | 32 | Cleft lip and palate | Moxifloxacin | Unknown | 7–8 | Ibuprofen (1), nicotine (1–3) |
| 11 | 40 | VSD, tricuspidal valve insufficiency | Moxifloxacin | Unknown | 2–3 | |
| 12 | 41 | VSD, PFO | Moxifloxacin | 400 | 5 | Topical nifuratel (1), topical hexetidine (2) |
| 13 | 27 (ETOP) | Arnold-Chiari malformation, myelomeningocele | Moxifloxacin | 400 | 6–7 | Chest X-ray (1), myrtol (1) |
| 14 | 40 | Tetralogy of Fallot | Moxifloxacin | Unknown | 6–7 | Ramipril (1), xipamide (1–2) |
| 15 | 38 | Hemangioma on forehead | Norfloxacin | Unknown | 3–4 | Topical clotrimazole (1–2) |
| 16 | 37 | Finger II–V left hand without bones, hypoplastic thumb | Ofloxacin | Unknown | 4 | Topical dequalinium (1), ampicillin (3), fenoterol (3), corticosteroid (3), metoprolol (3) |
| 17 | 38 | Hydronephrosis, skin tag on digit V both hands (ligated) | Ofloxacin | 400 | 3–4 | Intravenous pyelogram with contrast agent (1) |
| 18 | 41 | Poland syndrome | Ofloxacin | 100 | 4 | Clemastine (1), salbutamol (1–3), beclomethasone (1–3) |
| 19 | 40 | Aortic coarctation, persistent left superior vena cava, ASD, PDA | Ofloxacin | Unknown | 5–6 | Citalopram (1), ibuprofen (1), arbutin (1), amoxicillin (1), topical acyclovir (1) |
a
GW, gestational week; ETOP, elective termination of pregnancy.
b
ASD, atrial septal defect; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PFO, patent foramen ovale; VSD, ventricular septal defect.