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. 2014 Aug;82(8):3098–3112. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01778-14

FIG 1.

FIG 1

Malnutrition reduces the number of lymph node-resident dendritic cells in L. donovani-infected mice. Well-nourished (WN) and malnourished (polynutrient-deficient [PND]) mice (n = 6 per group) were inoculated in the skin over the footpad with L. donovani, and immediately thereafter the skin at the same site was painted with either CMTMR or CMFDA. Draining popliteal lymph nodes were removed after 3 days, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate infected or uninfected DC populations. The gating protocol included exclusion of NK, T, and B cells, as shown in Fig. 5A. In some experiments, PKH26-labeled parasites were used to enable gating on infected cells, and in those experiments, NK, T, and B cells were not excluded. (A) Percentage of CD11c+ DCs in malnourished and well-nourished infected mice relative to the number of all lymph node cells; (B) percentage of conventional DCs (CD11c+ CD11b−) in malnourished and well-nourished infected mice relative to the number of all lymph node cells; (C) percentage of monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs; CD11c+ CD11b+) in malnourished and well-nourished infected mice relative to the number of all lymph node cells; (D, E) total number (D) and percentage (E) of parasitized CD11c+ DCs in malnourished and well-nourished infected mice; (F) percentage of dermal migratory CD11c+ DCs that were CMTMR+ in an ex vivo skin explant culture; (G) percentage of conventional (Conv; CMTMR− CD11c+ CD11b−) and monocyte-derived (CMTMR− CD11c+ CD11b+) lymph node-resident dendritic cells (LNDC) and conventional and monocyte-derived (CMTMR+ CD11c+ CD11b+) migratory dermal conventional DCs (DDCs; CMTMR+ CD11c+ CD11b−) relative to the number of all LN cells in malnourished and well-nourished infected mice; (H) percentage of infected lymph node-resident dendritic cells (labeled L. donovani parasites [Ld+], CMFDA−, CD11c+) and infected migratory dermal dendritic cells (labeled L. donovani parasites, CMFDA+, CD11c+) relative to the number of all LN cells in malnourished and well-nourished infected mice; (I) percentage of infected lymph node-resident CD11c+ dendritic cells and migratory dermal dendritic cells relative to the total CD11c+ population. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.01.