FIG 7.

Comparative induction of apoptosis in PDA cells following infection with influenza A virus. Cells infected at an MOI of 1 with IAV or cultured with gemcitabine (2 mM) plus cisplatin (0.8 μM) were assessed for induction of apoptosis at 16 hpi (black bars) and 24 hpi (gray bars) by Alexa Fluor 647-labeled annexin V binding and flow cytometry. Results are normalized to those for uninfected controls and represent means plus standard deviations from two (Gem+Cisp treatment) or three (virus infection) independent experiments. Statistically significant differences between virus-induced apoptosis and Gem+Cisp-induced apoptosis at 16 hpi are indicated (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001). Note that severe cell death induced in H7N3-infected CFPAC-1 cells (×) prevented proper annexin V cell labeling at the time points examined.