TABLE 1.
Examples of upregulated cellular genes during HCMV short-term latency
| Biological process | Symbol | Gene annotation | Fold increase | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antiviral defense | MX1 | Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78 (mouse), mRNA | 55 | GTPase |
| IFIT1 | Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1, transcript variant 2, mRNA | 39 | RNA binding | |
| IFIT3 | Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3, mRNA | 34 | RNA binding | |
| ISG15 | Interferon-stimulated gene, 15 kDa, mRNA | 32 | Ubiquitin-like modifier | |
| ISG20 | Interferon-stimulated exonuclease gene, 20 kDa, mRNA | 28 | RNase | |
| OAS2 | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 2, 69/71 kDa, transcript variant 1, mRNA | 27 | RNA synthetase | |
| IFIT2 | Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2, mRNA | 25 | RNA binding | |
| MX2 | Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 2 (mouse), mRNA | 24 | GTPase | |
| RSAD2 | Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, Cig5, viperin mRNA | 22 | Lipid synthesis | |
| OASL | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like, transcript variant 2, mRNA | 16 | RNA synthetase | |
| IRF7 | Interferon regulatory factor 7, transcript variant b, mRNA | 15 | Transcription factor | |
| STAT1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91 kDa, transcript variant alpha, mRNA | 14 | Transcription factor | |
| OAS3 | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 3, 100 kDa, mRNA | 13 | RNA synthetase | |
| OAS1 | 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 40/46 kDa, transcript variant 2, mRNA | 10 | RNA synthetase | |
| IFI35 | Interferon-induced protein 35, mRNA | 9 | Transcription factor | |
| IFIH1 | Interferon induced with helicase C domain 1, MDA5 mRNA | 7 | RNA helicase | |
| Host immune response | INDO | Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3 dioxygenase, mRNA | 30 | Amino acid degradation |
| CFB | Complement factor B, mRNA | 22 | Protease | |
| SERPING1 | Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 inhibitor), member 1, transcript variant 2, mRNA | 18 | Protease inhibitor | |
| SP110 | SP110 nuclear body protein, transcript variant b, mRNA | 6 | Transcription factor | |
| PSMB9 | Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 9 (large multifunctional peptidase 2), transcript variant 1, mRNA | 5 | Protease | |
| NCF1C | Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1C pseudogene, non-coding RNA | 4 | ROI production | |
| TAP2 | Transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), transcript variant 2, mRNA | 3 | Peptide transporter | |
| Inflammatory response | CCL8 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8, mRNA | 111 | Leukocyte trafficking |
| CXCL10 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, mRNA | 41 | Leukocyte trafficking | |
| CCL7 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7, mRNA | 9 | Leukocyte trafficking | |
| CCL13 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13, mRNA | 9 | Leukocyte trafficking | |
| CCL19 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19, mRNA | 9 | Leukocyte trafficking | |
| TNFSF10 | Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10, TRAIL mRNA | 9 | Apoptosis | |
| CCL5 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, mRNA | 6 | Leukocyte trafficking | |
| IL18BP | Interleukin 18-binding protein, transcript variant A, mRNA | 4 | Immunosuppression | |
| CD48 | CD48 molecule, mRNA | 3 | Lymphocyte activation |
Cig5, cytomegalovirus-inducible gene 5; MDA5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5; PKR, protein kinase, RNA associated; ROI, radical oxygen intermediate; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; viperin, virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum associated, interferon inducible.