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ISG15 conjugation does not inhibit MNV-1 release. WT, ISG15−/−, and UbE1L−/− BMDC were stimulated with 1,000 U/ml of IFN-α4 and subsequently infected with MNV-1 at an MOI of 0.05 for 12 h. The results of MNV-1 replication in supernatant (A) and cells (B) are shown. Data represent the results of 4 to 5 independent experiments. P values were determined by the Mann-Whitney test. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001.
