FIG 1.
GVI3000 is an effective adjuvant to iFlu after a single dose in mice immunized as neonates. Three to five 7-day-old BALB/c mice per experimental group were primed through footpad (f.p.) injection with iFlu (2 μg) with 105 IU of GVI3000 (black bars) or without GVI3000 (white bars). (A to C) Three, 6, 9, and 15 weeks after the immunization, influenza virus-specific IgG (A) and IgG1 (B) and IgG2a (C) antibodies were measured in serum by ELISA. (D) GVI3000 induces mucosal immune response in neonatally primed mice. Five or six 7-day-old BALB/c mice were primed through f.p. injection with iFlu (1 μg) only or with 105 IU of GVI3000. Ten weeks after the mice were primed, all groups were boosted with iFlu (1 μg) alone. Ten days after the boost, antigen-specific IgA were measured in fecal extracts by ELISA. The amount of IgA produced is presented as nanograms of influenza virus-specific IgA per microgram of total IgA. (E) Antibodies with influenza virus hemagglutination inhibition activity were measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) at 6 weeks after the immunization. All data are presented as means plus standard errors of the means (SEM) (error bars). Values that are significantly different from the value for iFlu alone by the Mann-Whitney test are indicated by bars and asterisks as follows: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.