Table 1.
Patient characteristics by study site. Data are displayed as median (25th–75th percentile), median (25th–75th percentile; percentage missing), count (percentage), or count (percentage; percentage missing). P-values are from Kruskal–Wallis test and chi-square test, respectively.
| Studies (for acronyms see Methods section)
|
Total (n = 3395) | p-Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INSTINCT (n = 912) | ES1 (n = 527) | ES2 (n = 168) | UKCIRG (n = 1459) | SABG (n = 329) | |||
| Age at onset in years | 66 (54–74) | 64 (49–75) | 67.5 (59–76) | 64 (48–77) | 59 (47–67) | 64 (50–75) | <.0001 |
| Male gender | 606 (66.4) | 351 (66.6) | 102 (60.7) | 928 (63.6) | 180 (54.7) | 2167 (63.8) | 0.0019 |
| MRSA | 109 (12) | 122 (23.1) | 28 (16.7) | 259 (17.8) | 180 (54.7) | 698 (20.6) | <.0001 |
| Nosocomial SAB | 443 (48.6) | 270 (51.2) | 95 (56.5) | 508 (34.8) | 67 (20.4) | 1383 (40.7) | <.0001 |
| Injection drug use | 32 (3.5; 0) | 14 (2.7; 0) | 5 (3; 0) | 125 (8.8; 2.3) | 13 (4; 0) | 189 (5.6; 1.0) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 226 (24.8; 0) | 135 (25.6; 0) | 65 (38.7; 0) | 296 (20.7; 1.8) | 134 (40.7; 0) | 856 (25.4; 0.8) | <.0001 |
| Dominant focusa | <.0001 | ||||||
| Central venous catheter | 172 (18.9) | 106 (20.1) | 27 (16.1) | 266 (18.2) | 66 (20.1) | 637 (18.8) | |
| Peripheral venous catheter | 78 (8.6) | 94 (17.8) | 39 (23.2) | 85 (5.8) | 9 (2.7) | 305 (9.0) | |
| Skin and soft tissue infection | 91 (10.0) | 59 (11.2) | 23 (13.7) | 285 (19.5) | 44 (13.4) | 502 (14.8) | |
| Endocarditis | 97 (10.6) | 53 (10.1) | 11 (6.5) | 83 (5.7) | 38 (11.6) | 282 (8.3) | |
| Osteoarticular infectionb | 150 (16.4) | 39 (7.4) | 12 (7.1) | 213 (14.6) | 42 (12.8) | 456 (13.4) | |
| Pneumonia | 39 (4.3) | 31 (5.9) | 12 (7.1) | 54 (3.7) | 42 (12.8) | 178 (5.2) | |
| Other focusc | 105 (11.5) | 39 (7.4) | 15 (8.9) | 199 (13.6) | 36 (10.9) | 394 (11.6) | |
| Focus not identified | 180 (19.7) | 106 (20.1) | 29 (17.3) | 274 (18.8) | 52 (15.8) | 641 (18.9) | |
| Echocardiography performedd | 510 (55.9; 0) | 228 (43.3; 0.2) | 74 (44; 0) | 822 (58.6; 3.8) | 261 (79.3; 0) | 1895 (56.8; 1.7) | <.0001 |
| Outcome | |||||||
| Length of hospital stay in dayse | 18 (10–31; 0) | 15 (8–26; 0) | 16 (9–25; 0) | 17 (9–32; 2.9) | 10 (6–18; 0) | 16 (8–29; 1.2) | <.0001 |
| Death within 7 daysf | 67 (7.3) | 44 (8.4) | 21 (12.5) | 157 (10.8) | 28 (8.5) | 317 (9.4) | 0.0312 |
| Death within 14 days | 102 (11.2) | 68 (13) | 34 (20.4) | 238 (16.4) | 50 (15.2) | 492 (14.6) | 0.0015 |
| Death within 30 days | 174 (19.2) | 111 (21.2) | 48 (29.4) | 318 (22.2) | 60 (18.3) | 711 (21.2) | 0.0418 |
| Death within 90 days | 276 (30.7) | 128 (24.8) | 62 (39.9) | 425 (30.2) | 72 (22.2) | 963 (29.2) | 0.0007 |
One infective focus was considered the dominant focus (s. Methods). Multiple infective foci were recorded in 494 patients (14.6%).
Osteoarticular infection: all bone and joint infections (including vertebral osteomyelitis) with or without prosthetic devices.
“Other focus” includes foci that occur in less than 5% of cases each, e.g. central nervous system infection, intravascular implant infection, lung abscess, urinary tract infection.
Transesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography.
After first positive blood culture.
To account for censoring the percentage corresponds to One minus the Kaplan–Meier estimate at 7, 14, 30 resp. 90 days.