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Measurements of normalized proton absorbed (D) dose versus lateral position (y) at 20 mm downstream distance from 6.4-mm, 9.5-mm, and 15.9-mm-diameter stainless steel spheres, revealing the influence of the sphere diameter and the proton beam range (R90) on the dose perturbation caused by the spheres. Beam ranges are (a) 40 mm, (b) 80 mm, (c) 120 mm, and (d) 161 mm. The dose reductions tended to increase with decreasing beam range.
