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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Mutat Res. 2005 Oct 3;586(2):160–172. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.06.002

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

Sodium chromate induces similar cell cycle effects as lead chromate in human lung cells. (A) ATM undergoes inter-molecular autophosphorylation at Ser1981 in human lung cells after sodium chromate exposure. Protein extracts were analyzed for ATM phosphorylation by Western blotting with anti-phospho-ATM antibody (red). Equal protein loading was confirmed by immunblotting with anti β-actin antibody (green). Hydrogen peroxide was used as the positive control. (B) Cell cycle analysis of cells treated with lead chromate for 24 h as described in Section 2. Sodium chromate at the highest concentration causes cells to accumulate in S-phase. Data represent a minimum of three experiments. Error bars = standard error of the mean. (*) Statistically different from control (p = 0.005). (C) Smc1 is phosphorylated at Ser 966 after sodium chromate treatment. Smc1 phosphorylation was assessed by immunoblot analyses using the phosphoserine-specific antibodies (top) or an anti-Smc1 antibody (bottom panel).