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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Mutat Res. 2005 Oct 3;586(2):160–172. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.06.002

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8

Proposed mechanism of particulate Cr(VI) genotoxicity. In response to DNA DSBs induced by Cr ions released from the extracellular dissolution of lead chromate, ATM kinases are activated. ATM, through the intermediacy of H2A.X, phosphorylates SMC1 on Ser 966 which leading to cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition, repair and apoptosis.