Fig. 4.

Effect of HT on cellular uptake of ~22 nm nCCM: (A) typical flow cytometry peaks of fluorescence intensity in PC-3 cancer cells and (B) mean curcumin intensity (I – I₀) in the cells at various times during incubation of the cells with the nCCM at 37 °C for 72 h either with or without a mild hyperthermia at 43 °C applied from 1 to 1.5 h: the HT treatment not only increases the peak uptake but also helps retain a much higher level of intracellular curcumin from 3 to 72 h. The mean curcumin intensity was calculated as the difference in fluorescence intensity in the cells at various time (I) and that at 0 h (I₀). **p < 0.01.