Figure 1. Sampling arrays layout in the proposed corridor area.

Arrays A, B and C are located in Niuweihe Nature Reserve, arrays E, F, G, and H were located in Huangbaiyuan and Changqing Nature Reserves, and array D was located between nature reserves along the Xushui River Valley (A).The grey color in lower two figures indicates the known giant panda distribution. The study area was in the western region of Qinling Mountains (B), and located in the center of China (C).