Table 1.

Adverse effects of cosmetic blepharopigmentation (permanent makeup)

Authors	Patient(s)	Adverse effects
Bee et al25	68-year-old woman	Granulomatous pseudotumor, loss of lashes, and margin irregularities 7 years after permanent makeup
Seol et al26	31-year-old woman	2 hours after blepharopigmentation, epithelial defects and dry eye syndrome for 12 months
Liao et al7	67-year-old woman	Hypopigmentation 8 years after eyeliner tattoo
Rudkin27	One case; no further data	Corneal pigmentation, corneal defect, and conjunctivitis
Moshirfar et al19	54-year-old woman	Conjunctival and corneal hyperpigmentation
De et al28	46-year-old woman	Penetration of the eyelid by the tattoo needle with conjunctival pigmentation and conjunctivitis
Calzado et al29	58-year-old woman	Granulomatous inflammatory reaction
Vagefi et al5	Four women	Granulomatous inflammatory reaction
Nunes et al30	81-year-old, 63-year-old, and 30-year-old women	Trichiasis after 6–12 months of blepharopigmentation
Lee et al31	31-year-old and 50-year-old women	Extensive fanning after 8 months and 3 years
Peters et al17	81-year-old woman	Immediate extensive hyperpigmentation of the nasojugal fold and lower eyelid
Goldberg and Shorr32	Three women	Eyelid necrosis 2 months after the procedure (one patient), extensive fanning (two patients)