Table 3.

Clinical trials investigating the effect of estrogens alone or with hormone therapy on blood pressure of hypertensive postmenopausal women

Source of trial	Year of trial	Number of subjects	Routes of administration	Estrogens	Progestins	Mode of measurement	Effects
Luotola100	1983	40	Oral	E2 2 mg	–	Office	↓ diastolic BP
				E2 4 mg			↓ systolic BP
Mercuro101	1998	30	Transdermal	E2 50 μg	–	24-h	↓ diastolic BP
							↓ systolic BP
Kornhauser104	1997	55	Oral	Estradiol valerate 10 mg	–	Office	↑ systolic BP
			Oral + im	Estradiol valerate 4 mg	Prasterone enanthate 200 mg		↑ diastolic BP
Jespersen105	1993	24	Oral	E2	–	Office	↓ systolic BP
				E2 + E1	NETA		= diastolic BP
van der Mooren91	1996	99	Oral	E2	DYD	Office	↑ systolic BP
							↑ diastolic BP
Harvey106	2000	14	Oral	CEE 0.3, 0.625, 1.25 mg	MPA 10 mg	Office	↓ BP
Mueck102	2000	13,190	Oral	CEE 0.3, 0.625, 1.25 mg	MPA 10 mg	Office	↓ systolic BP
							↓ diastolic BP
Foidart108	1991	92	Transdermal +	E2 50 μg	MPA 10 mg	Office	= diastolic BP
			Oral				= systolic BP
Sumino107	2003	31	Oral	CEE 0.625 mg	MPA 2.5 mg	Office	= BP
Kaya110	2006	66	Oral	E2 1 mg	DYD 10 mg	24-h	↓ systolic BP
							↓ diastolic BP
							↓ mean BP
Wong111	2005	34	Oral	E2	Norgestrel	24-h	↓ daily mean BP
Affinito112	2001	60	Transdermal	E2 50 μg	MPA 10 mg	24-h	↓ diastolic BP
							↓ systolic BP
Szekacs114	2000	30	Transdermal	E2 50 μg	Norgestrel	24-h	↓ diastolic BP
							↓ systolic BP

Abbreviations: 24-h, 24-hour; BP, blood pressure; CEE, conjugated equine estrogen; DYD, dihydrogesterone; E1, estrone; E2, estradiol; im, intramuscular; MPA, medroxyprogesterone acetate; NETA, norethisterone acetate; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; =, no change, –, none.