Table 3.
Study/Target group/Aim | Focus/outcome measures | Design | N | Age at start | Delivery agent | Follow up | Quality | Outcome | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BF | PFP | Diet | PA | SB | Anthro | Theory based 1 | ||||||||
Home Based (n = 12) | ||||||||||||||
Edwards et al. (2013), low income young black mothers [36] | √ | Delay solids | RCT | 248 | Antenatally | Doulas | Birth, 6 weeks, 4 m | Low | +BF, +solids | |||||
1° Aim: Increase BF and delay early introduction of solids | ||||||||||||||
Black et al. (2001), USA, low income black adoescents [46] | Delay solids | √ | RCT | 181 | Birth | Trained mentors | 3 &12 m | Moderate | +solids | |||||
1° Aim: Delay early introduction of solids | ||||||||||||||
Wen et al. (2012), Australia, first time mothers disadvantaged Community [37] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | RCT | 667 | Antenatally | Nurses | 6,12 & 24 m | High | + BF, +PFP, +Diet, -PA, +SB, +Anthro | |
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Scheinmann et al. (2010), USA, low income Latino mothers [47] | √ | Delay solids | Quasi-experimental | 439 | Infant < 5 months | Video only | 3 & 6 m | Moderate | +solids | |||||
-BF | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Delay early introduction of solids | ||||||||||||||
De Oliveira et al. (2012), Brazil, low income adolescent mothers [38] | √ | Delay solids | √ | RCT | 323 | Birth | MD team | 1,2,3,4,5 & 6 m | Moderate | +BF, +solids | ||||
+ diet | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Delay early introduction of solids | ||||||||||||||
Vitola et al. (2012), Brazil, low income mothers [39] | √ | √ | √ | √ | RCT | 500 | Birth | Trained field workers | 6,12 m, 3–4 & 7–8 years | Moderate | +BF | |||
+diet | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Improve child diet | -anthro | |||||||||||||
Johnson et al. (1993), UK, low income area [40] | √ | √ | RCT | 262 | <=4 months | Trained volunteers | 12 m & 7 years | Moderate | +Diet | |||||
+PFP | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Improved child development/diet | ||||||||||||||
Fitzpatrick et al. (1997), UK, travelling mothers [35] | √ | √ | Prospective with non equivalent comparison | 39 | <=4 months | Trained volunteers | 12 m | Low | +Diet | |||||
+PFP | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Improved child development/diet | ||||||||||||||
Watt et al. (2009), UK, low income mothers [41] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | RCT | 312 | 10 weeks age | Trained volunteers | 12, 18 m & 4 years | High | -BF, -solids | ||
+diet, +PFP, | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Improve PFP and child diet | -anthro | |||||||||||||
Harvey-Berino (2003), USA, Native American Toddlers/Pre-school children [49] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | RCT | 43 | 9 months to 3 years | Indigenous peer educators | 4 m | Low | +PFP, -anthro, +diet, -PA | ||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Karanja et al. (2010), USA, American Indian/ | √ | √ | √ | Simulated before and after design | 205 | Antenatally | Community health workers | 2 years | Low | ?BF, diet NR, | ||||
-anthro | ||||||||||||||
Native Alaskan [48] | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Haines et al. (2013), USA, low income racial minority families with preschool children [50] | √ | √ | √ | √ | RCT | 121 | 2 to 5 years | Bi-lingual health educators | 6 m | Moderate | +anthro | |||
+ sleep, +SB, | ||||||||||||||
-family meals, -TV in bedroom | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Primary Health Care (n = 6) | ||||||||||||||
Kavanagh et al. (2008), USA, low income WIC attendees [53] | √ | √ | RCT | 61 | 3- 10 weeks | Unclear | 4 m | Low | -formula feeding, | |||||
1° Aim: Improve formula feeding practices and reduce rapid weight gain | -anthro | |||||||||||||
Kahn et al. (2007), USA, predominantly low income Hispanic WIC attendees [54] | √ | √ | RCT | 48 | 18-30 months | Nutritionist | 2 m | Low | +bottle weaning | |||||
1° Aim: Bottle weaning | ||||||||||||||
Klohe-Lehman et al. (2007), USA, low income WIC attendees [57] | √ | √ | √ | √ | Before and after | 235 | 1-3 years | Dietitian | 2& 6 m | Low | +diet, +PA | |||
-anthro | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Improve diet and PA of mothers and children | ||||||||||||||
Davison et al. (2011), USA, WIC attendees aged 2–5 years [56] | √ | √ | Quasi-experimental | 880 | 2-5 years | WIC clinic staff | 1 year | Low | +SB, +PA | |||||
1° Aim: Increase child PA and reduce SB | ||||||||||||||
McGarvey et al. (2004), WIC attendees 2–4 years [55] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Quasi-experimental | 336 | 2-4 years | WIC nutritionist | 1 year | Low | +PFP | ||
1° Aim: Improve child diet and PA, reduce SB | ||||||||||||||
French et al. (2012), USA, low income families [51] | √ | √ | √ | √ | Cluster RCT | 292 | <2 months age | Primary care staff | 12 m | Moderate | + diet, -PFPs | |||
+ SB, -anthro | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Improve PFP and child diet | ||||||||||||||
Preschool (n = 7) | ||||||||||||||
Niederer et al. (2012), Switzerland, Preschools with high migrant population [59] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Cluster RCT | 652 (213 parents with low education) | 5-6 years | Health educators and preschool teachers | 1 year | High | -anthro, diet NR, PA NR, SB NR | ||
1° Aim: Improve aerobic fitness and obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Jouret et al. (2009), France, Preschools [58] | √ | √ | √ | √ | Cluster RCT | 79 kindergartens, 1663 children | 2.5-5 years | Dietitian and education aide | 2 years | Moderate | +Anthro | |||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Fitzgibbon et al. (2005), USA, Black preschool children [62] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Cluster RCT | 12 preschools, 409 children | 3-5 years | Trained child educators | 2 years | Moderate | +Anthro -diet, | ||
-PA | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Fitzgibbon et al. (2006), USA, Latino preschool children [63] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Cluster RCT | 12 preschools, | 3-5 years | Trained child educators | 2 years | Moderate | -anthro, -diet, | ||
401 | -PA, -SB | |||||||||||||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Fitzgibbon et al. (2011), USA, Black preschool children [64] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Cluster RCT | 18 preschools, 618 children | 3-5 years | Classroom teachers | 14 weeks | Low | +PA, +SB, -diet, -anthro | ||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Fitzgibbon et al. (2013), USA Latino preschool children and their families [61] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Cluster RCT | 4 preschools, 146 children | 3-5 years | Bilingual educators | 1 year | Low | -anthro, -diet, | ||
-PA, -SB | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Winter et al. (2013), USA, low income Latino preschool children [66] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Quasi-experimental | 4 preschools, 405 children | 3-5 years | Teachers, Promotoras | 6 m | Low | -anthro, +PA | ||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention and school readiness | ||||||||||||||
Community setting (n=7) | ||||||||||||||
Horodynski et al. (2004), USA, rural low income carers 1–3 year olds [68] | √ | Quasi-experimental | 38 | 1-3 years | Trained paraprofessional | 6 m | Moderate | -diet | ||||||
1° Aim: Improve child diet | ||||||||||||||
Horodynski et al. (2005), USA low income families with toddlers [69] | √ | √ | Quasi-experimental | 135 | 11-25 months | Peer educator | 6 m | Low | -PFP | |||||
1° Aim: Improve child diet | ||||||||||||||
Davison et al. (2013), USA, Head start attendees, 2-5 years [67] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Before and After | 154 | 2-5 years | Trained facilitators | 6 m | Low | +diet, +PA, | ||
+SB, +anthro | ||||||||||||||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
O’Dwyer et al. (2012), UK, Sure Start attendees, 3–5 years [70] | √ | √ | √ | Cluster RCT | 77 families, 79 children | 3-4.9 years | Researcher | 10 weeks | Moderate | +PA | ||||
Play professionals | +SB | |||||||||||||
1° Aim: Improve child PA and reduce SB | ||||||||||||||
Barkin et al. (2012), USA, Latino-American Preschool aged children [71] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | RCT | 106 | 2-6 years | Trained facilitator | 3 m | Moderate | +anthro | ||
1° Aim: Obesity prevention | ||||||||||||||
Slusser et al. (2012), USA low income Latino parents with 2–4 year olds [73] | √ | √ | √ | √ | RCT | 160 | 2-4 years | Bilingual social worker | 1 year | Moderate | +anthro | |||
1° Aim: Obesity Prevention | ||||||||||||||
Bender et al. (2013), USA, low income Mexican parents with 3–5 year olds [72] | √ | √ | √ | √ | Before and after | 33 | 3-5 years | Promotoras | 15 m | Low | +diet, -anthro | |||
1° Aim: Improve child diet and maternal PA |
BF: breastfeeding, PFP: Parental feeding practices, PA: physical activity, SB: sedentary behaviour, Anthro: anthropometrics, 1°: Primary, 1theoretical basis of the intervention reported. Low quality: two or more weak ratings; moderate quality: less than four strong and one weak rating, high quality: four strong and no weak ratings, outcomes: +: significant effect, -: no significant effect, NR: not reported.