Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of mothers with children aged 12–23 months and their community variables by place of delivery
| Variables | Institutional N (%) | Non-institutional N (%) | Total N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Place of delivery | 976 (48.2) | 1050 (51.8) | 2026 (100) |
| Age group (years) | |||
| < 20 | 90 (9.2) | 76 (7.2) | 166 (8.2) |
| 20 – 24 | 301 (30.8) | 340 (32.4) | 641 (31.6) |
| 25 – 29 | 244 (25.0) | 246 (23.4) | 490 (24.2) |
| 30 – 34 | 160 (16.4) | 159 (15.1) | 319 (15.8) |
| ≥ 35 | 181 (18.6) | 229(21.8) | 410 (20.2) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single/Divorced/Widowed | 153 (15.7) | 150 (14.3) | 303 (15.0) |
| Married | 823 (84.3) | 899 (85.7) | 1722 (85.0) |
| Education level | |||
| No education/dropped out from primary | 312 (32.0) | 530 (50.5) | 842 (41.6) |
| Primary level | 421 (43.1) | 396 (37.7) | 817 (40.3) |
| Secondary level or higher | 243 (24.9) | 124 (11.8) | 367 (18.1) |
| Occupation | |||
| Subsistence farmer | 528 (55.5) | 597 (57.3) | 1125(56.4) |
| Domestic worker/student | 94 (9.9) | 114 (10.9) | 208 (10.4) |
| Other skilled employee | 330 (34.7) | 331 (31.8) | 661 (33.2) |
| Literacy in English | |||
| Illiterate | 169 (17.4) | 309 (29.4) | 478 (23.6) |
| Literate | 804 (82.6) | 741 (70.6) | 1545 (76.4) |
| Maternal health knowledge | |||
| Low | 116 (11.9) | 199 (19.0) | 315 (15.6) |
| Middle | 426 (43.7) | 506 (48.3) | 932 (46.1) |
| High | 432 (44.4) | 343 (32.7) | 775 (38.3) |
| ANC visits | |||
| Less than 4 times | 358 (36.7) | 544 (51.8) | 902 (44.5) |
| 4 times or more | 618 (63.3) | 506 (48.2) | 1124 (55.5) |
| Birth interval | |||
| Short birth interval (<24 months) | 30 (3.1) | 51 (4.9) | 81 (4.0) |
| Medium birth interval (24–47 months) | 78 (8.0) | 107 (10.2) | 185 (9.1) |
| Long birth interval (>48 months) | 539 (55.2) | 690 (65.7) | 1229 (60.7) |
| First birth | 329 (33.7) | 202 (19.2) | 531 (26.2) |
| Household wealth index | |||
| Poorest | 154 (16.3) | 272 (26.6) | 426 (21.7) |
| Poor | 299 (31.6) | 350 (34.3) | 649 (33.0) |
| Middle | 226 (23.9) | 213 (20.9) | 439 (22.3) |
| Rich | 110 (11.6) | 88 (8.6) | 198 (10.1) |
| Richest | 157 (16.6) | 98 (9.6) | 255 (13.0) |
| Media and communication equipment | |||
| Possession of one item or none | 277 (28.4) | 416 (39.7) | 693 (34.2) |
| 2 items | 544 (55.7) | 545 (52.0) | 1089 (53.8) |
| All items | 155 (15.9) | 88 (8.4) | 243 (12.0) |
| Number of household members | |||
| 5 or more | 627 (64.2) | 772 (73.5) | 1399 (69.1) |
| Less than 5 | 349 (35.8) | 278 (26.5) | 627 (31.0) |
| Number of children under five | |||
| 2 or more | 584 (59.8) | 736 (70.1) | 1320 (65.2) |
| Less than 2 | 392 (40.2) | 314 (29.9) | 706 (34.9) |
| Household sanitation practice | |||
| No sanitation facilities | 33 (3.4) | 95 (9.1) | 128 (6.3) |
| Possession of at least one | 320 (32.8) | 464 (44.2) | 784 (38.7) |
| Possession of two | 319 (32.7) | 281 (26.7) | 600 (29.6) |
| Possession of all | 304 (31.2) | 210 (20.0) | 514 (25.4) |
| Traveling time to nearest health facility | |||
| More than 60 min | 125 (12.8) | 185 (17.6) | 310 (15.3) |
| 41 – 60 min | 257 (26.3) | 304 (29.0) | 561 (27.7) |
| 21 – 40 min | 349 (35.8) | 401 (38.2) | 750 (37.0) |
| 20 min or less | 245 (25.1) | 160 (15.2) | 405 (20.0) |
| Usual transportation | |||
| On foot | 822 (84.4) | 949 (90.5) | 1771 (87.5) |
| Any other means of transportation | 152 (15.6) | 100 (9.5) | 252 (12.5) |
| Performance of CHWs | |||
| Poorest | 357 (36.6) | 373 (35.6) | 730 (36.1) |
| Poor | 82 (8.4) | 103 (9.8) | 185 (9.2) |
| Middle | 200 (20.5) | 193 (18.4) | 393 (19.4) |
| High | 182 (18.7) | 230 (22.0) | 412 (20.4) |
| Highest | 154 (15.8) | 148 (14.1) | 302 (14.9) |
| Social capital | |||
| Lowest | 171 (17.5) | 194 (18.5) | 365 (18.0) |
| Low | 193 (19.8) | 185 (17.6) | 378 (18.7) |
| Middle | 229 (23.5) | 263 (25.1) | 492 (24.3) |
| High | 217 (22.2) | 211 (20.1) | 428 (21.1) |
| Highest | 166 (17.0) | 197 (18.8) | 363 (18.0) |