Figure 13.

(a) In control human brain (♂/33), microglia (red) are mostly inactive/small (here in CN), but (b) their number and size significantly increase in advanced stage of NDP in HD brain (CN) (♀/52, HD duration 20 years, grade 4); (c) degenerated neurons within the CN are scavenged by microglia labelled with densely red stained lysosomes inside their cytoplasm (♂/38, HD duration 8 years, grade 3); (d) in advanced stage of NDP (♀/52, HD duration 20 years, grade 4), almost all neurons in CN already degenerated and they were replaced by reactive astrocytes; S100β ⁺ astrocytes also form a typical network; however, the neuropil is only sparse; microglia are numerous, particularly related to vessels (yellow arrows). (a, b, and c) Anti-Iba1 (red) + DAPI (blue); (d) anti-Iba1 (red) + anti-S100β (green) + DAPI (blue). Bar: (a, b) 50 μm; (c, d) 20 μm.