Figure 1.

The nociceptive score in main test group (group 4) and control of tramadol (group 2)

Higher nociceptive scores show more pain and lower nociceptive scores represents less pain

* Significant difference between the test and the control (n=8) (P=0.027)

0: Animal’s injected paw is completely on the floor and can endure the animal’s weight

1: Animal’s injected paw situates partially on the floor and is partially elevated

2: Animal’s injected paw is elevated without any contact with the surface

3: Animal shakes, licks or bites the injected paw (19)