TABLE 2.
Risk of Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension According to Patterns of Active Smokinga
| Trimester of Exposure | Preeclampsiab
|
Gestational Hypertensionc
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (n = 70,729) | No. Cases (n = 2,474) | OR (95% CI) | No. (n = 69,544) | No. Cases (n = 1,357) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Neverd | 54,163 | 1,878 | 1.00 | 53,291 | 1,062 | 1.00 |
| Trimester 1 only | 9,947 | 417 | 0.99 (0.87–1.11) | 9,728 | 207 | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) |
| Trimester 1 and 2 only | 1,193 | 46 | 0.89 (0.64–1.23) | 1,170 | 24 | 0.97 (0.62–1.51) |
| Trimester 1 and 3 only | 383 | 8 | 0.62 (0.31–1.27) | 380 | 5 | 0.64 (0.24–1.71) |
| Trimester 3 only | 86 | 2 | 0.78 (0.20–3.09) | 86 | 2 | 1.57 (0.38–6.43) |
| All trimesters | 4,957 | 123 | 0.57 (0.46–0.70) | 4,889 | 57 | 0.62 (0.46–0.83) |
CI indicates confidence interval.
Patterns were only among women with complete smoking information in all trimesters: 1,144 women were missing smoking for the first and second trimesters, and 1,249 for the third trimester (total missing = 2,345). Adjusted models included parity, maternal education, prepregnancy body mass index, maternal age (linear and quadratic terms), and any diabetes, and accounted for multiple observations per woman.
Preeclampsia rates excluded women with gestational hypertension and model additionally adjusted for educational disparity.
Gestational hypertension rates excluded women with preeclampsia and model additionally adjusted for native language of grandparents.
Reference category.