Table 1.

Dietary patterns, categories, and constituent foods from six adult studies included in the meta-analysis

Study	Category	Dietary pattern	Food
Varraso et al27	Healthy	Prudent	Fruit and vegetables
	Neutral	Nuts and wine	Nuts and seeds, salty biscuits, olives, wine, fortified wine
	Unhealthy	Western	Pizza/salty pies, desserts, cured meat, and pasta
Bakolis et al20	Healthy	Prudent	Wholemeal bread and rolls, yogurt, cheese, fish, salad vegetables, pasta, couscous, vegetable dishes, and French-type dressing
	Healthy	Vegetables and fruit	Vegetables and fruit
	Unhealthy	Western	White bread and rolls, chips, roast potatoes, baked beans, processed meats, bacon, ham, crisps, meat dishes, fried snacks, chocolate bars, sponge puddings and cakes, ketchup, and Coke
	Neutral	Vegetarian	Cream crackers, crème fraiche, macaroni cheese, chick peas, hummus, lentils, nut roast, vegetables, nuts, and seeds
	Neutral	Traditional	High intake of vegetables, pork, beef, liver, lamb; low intake of naan, paratha and Bombay mix
Hooper et al23	Healthy	Fish, fruit, and vegetables	Fruits, vegetables, and fish
	Unhealthy	Meat and potatoes	Sliced meat, beef, pork, bacon, sausage and fried egg/scrambled egg/omelet, potato or chips, bread, butter, biscuits, cakes
McKeever et al26	Healthy	Cosmopolitan	Higher intake of vegetables, fish, chicken, wine, rice; lower intake of high-fat dairy products, added fat, added sugar, and potato
	Unhealthy	Traditional	Higher intake of red meat, processed meat, potato, boiled vegetables, added fat, coffee, beer; lower intake of soy products, low-fat dairy products, tea, breakfast cereal, brown rice, pizza, juice and fruit
	Unhealthy	Refined foods	Higher intake of mayonnaise, salty snacks, candy, high-sugar beverages, French fries, white bread, and pizza; lower intake of boiled vegetables, wholegrain bread, fruit, and cheese
Rosenkranz et al (men)22	Healthy	Fruit and vegetables	Cooked vegetables, raw vegetables, fruit
	Unhealthy	Meat and cheese	Red meat, processed meat, cheese
	Neutral	Grains and alcohol	Brown/wholemeal bread, alcoholic drinks, breakfast cereal
	Healthy	Poultry and seafood	Poultry, fish, or seafood
Rosenkranz et al (women)22	Healthy	Fruit and vegetables	Cooked vegetables, raw vegetables, fruit
	Unhealthy	Meats	Red meat, processed meat
	Unhealthy	Cereal and alcohol	Breakfast cereal, alcoholic drinks
	Healthy	Poultry and seafood	Poultry, fish, or seafood
	Healthy	Brown bread and cheese	Brown/wholemeal bread, cheese
Shi et al31	Healthy	Vegetable-rich	Whole grains, fruit, root vegetables, fresh and pickled vegetables, milk, eggs, and fish
	Unhealthy	Macho	Animal foods and alcohol
	Unhealthy	Sweet tooth	Cake, milk, yoghurt, and drinks
	Neutral	Traditional	Loaded heavily on rice, fresh vegetables, and inversely on wheat flour