Figure 1.

Schematic representation of a SPION labeled stem cell.

Notes: (A) The main routes of SPION internalization, were: i) mediated by membrane receptors, ii) independent of clathrin and caveolin, iii) clathrin-mediated, iv) caveolin-mediated, and v) mediated by transfection poly-L-lysine agent. The labeled stem cell may be used in several situations or pathological conditions of the aging brain, such as: (B) Parkinson’s disease, (C) stroke, (D) sclerosis, and (E) Alzheimer’s disease. (F) Sagittal and (G) coronal MR image of the human brain; the gray circle corresponds with part C, the green circle with part B, the white circle with part D, and the purple circle with part E.

Abbreviations: SPION, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle; MR, magnetic resonance.