Table 1. Standardized factor loadings and fit statistics for a unidimensional, four-factor, and bifactor model for OHIP data.
‘G’ denotes a general factor, ‘D1’ denotes Oral Function, ‘D2’ denotes Orofacial Appearance, ‘D3’ denotes Orofacial Pain, and ‘D4’ denotes Psychosocial Impact.
| Item | Unidimensional model | Four-factor model | Bifactor model | ||||||||
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| # | Content | G | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | G | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 |
| 1. | Difficulty chewing | .78 | .82 | .80 | .03 | ||||||
| 2. | Trouble pronouncing words | .79 | .83 | .76 | .46 | ||||||
| 6. | Taste worse | .75 | .80 | .73 | .44 | ||||||
| 16. | Uncomfortable to eat | .82 | .87 | .85 | -.06 | ||||||
| 24. | Speech unclear | .83 | .87 | .79 | .48 | ||||||
| 25. | Others misunderstood | .78 | .83 | .76 | .41 | ||||||
| 26. | Less flavor in food | .79 | .84 | .78 | .39 | ||||||
| 28. | Avoid eating | .80 | .85 | .83 | .00 | ||||||
| 29. | Diet unsatisfactory | .83 | .89 | .86 | .01 | ||||||
| 32. | Interrupt meals | .82 | .88 | .86 | -.03 | ||||||
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| 3. | Noticed tooth which doesn't look right | .62 | .67 | .59 | .49 | ||||||
| 4. | Appearance affected | .73 | .79 | .71 | .40 | ||||||
| 19. | Worried | .76 | .83 | .75 | .38 | ||||||
| 20. | Self-conscious | .82 | .89 | .81 | .31 | ||||||
| 22. | Uncomfortable about appearance | .84 | .91 | .83 | .39 | ||||||
| 31. | Avoid smiling | .82 | .90 | .83 | .23 | ||||||
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| 10. | Painful aching | .73 | .85 | .70 | .48 | ||||||
| 11. | Sore jaw | .68 | .79 | .65 | .47 | ||||||
| 12. | Headaches | .65 | .76 | .65 | .24 | ||||||
| 13. | Sensitive teeth | .51 | .60 | .48 | .44 | ||||||
| 14. | Toothache | .66 | .76 | .62 | .48 | ||||||
| 15. | Painful gums | .71 | .82 | .68 | .45 | ||||||
| 17. | Sore spots | .71 | .82 | .68 | .45 | ||||||
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| 23. | Tense | .83 | .86 | .83 | .18 | ||||||
| 33. | Sleep interrupted | .78 | .80 | .72 | .36 | ||||||
| 34. | Upset | .82 | .84 | .81 | .15 | ||||||
| 35. | Difficult to relax | .82 | .84 | .76 | .39 | ||||||
| 36. | Depressed | .88 | .90 | .83 | .34 | ||||||
| 37. | Concentration affected | .87 | .89 | .79 | .41 | ||||||
| 38. | Been embarrassed | .85 | .88 | .86 | .15 | ||||||
| 39. | Avoid going out | .86 | .88 | .81 | .33 | ||||||
| 40. | Less tolerant of others | .84 | .86 | .74 | .47 | ||||||
| 41. | Trouble getting on with others | .79 | .81 | .70 | .46 | ||||||
| 42. | Irritable with others | .83 | .84 | .71 | .52 | ||||||
| 43. | Difficulty doing jobs | .87 | .89 | .77 | .48 | ||||||
| 44. | Health worsened | .80 | .82 | .74 | .37 | ||||||
| 45. | Financial loss | .66 | .68 | .62 | .28 | ||||||
| 46. | Unable to enjoy people's company | .86 | .88 | .81 | .34 | ||||||
| 47. | Life unsatisfying | .82 | .84 | .74 | .43 | ||||||
| 48. | Unable to function | .84 | .86 | .76 | .43 | ||||||
| 49. | Unable to work | .85 | .87 | .75 | .49 | ||||||
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| Factors | Cronbach's alpha | Correlation between factors | |||||||||
| D1 | .92 | 1 | |||||||||
| D2 | .88 | .84 | 1 | ||||||||
| D3 | .85 | .77 | .78 | 1 | |||||||
| D4 | .95 | .85 | .84 | .75 | 1 | ||||||